1)并列关系(等价/递进/因果)
等价，递进，因果和并列关系虽然名称各异，却殊途同归，因为在句意都属于并列关系，很像同义词之间的关系。等价关系通常由定语从句，同位语(或同位语从句)，或解析性从句引出，起着修饰，限制或者补充的作用。而递进和并列结构通常由一些衔接连词连接而成，关系一般都比较明显。所以，我们可以通过这些等价成分得出句子空格应该填入的词，即关键词的同义词。
常见的并列连词有：in that, additionally, again, moreover, further, furthermore, in the same manner, as well as, along with, furthermore, inthe same way, just as, also, likewise, in addition to, like, similar to, similarly, for example, for instance, as an example, namely, that is。
常见的因果关系过渡词有：because, because of, as a result, therefore, consequently, in consequence, hence, thus, since, so that, in order to。
2)转折关系
转折关系正好与并列关系相反。如果说求解并列关系和因果关系句子的关键是寻找同义词的话，那么转折关系就是寻找反义词。只要你能识别这些转折关系词，问题就变得相当简单。转折关系词包括转折连词和负面语气词。
常见的转折连词有：although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, rather than, though, otherwise, rather, despite, in spite of,
whereas, even if, while.
常见的负面语气词包括：curiously, ironically, paradoxically, far from, in deed, actually, in fact, compared with, unlike.