Bottlenose dolphins can call each other by name when they whistle,

making them the only animals besides humans know to recognize such      1. __________

identity information, scientists reported on Monday.

Dolphins communicate as humans by calling each other by name,           2. __________

scientists in Fife reported on Monday.

Scientists have long known that dolphins’ whistling calls including repeated      3. __________

information thought to be their names, but a new study indicates dolphins

recognize these names even when voice cues are removed in the sound.         4. __________

St Andrews University researchers studying in Sarasota Bay off

Florida’s west coast Florida discovered bottlenose dolphins used names

rather than sound to identify each other.

The three-years-study was funded by the Royal Society of London.         5. __________

Dr Vincent Janik, of the Sea Mammal Unit at St Andrews University,

said they conduced the research on wild dolphins.                      6. __________

 “We captured wild dolphins using nets when they came near the

 shore,” he said.

 “Then in the deep water we recoded their whistles before synthesizing         7. __________

 them on a computer with the caller’s voice features removed so that we

have a computer voice of a dolphin.”                                8. __________

“Then we played it back to the dolphins through an underwater speaker

and we found they responded coolly. This showed us that the dolphins       9. __________

know each other’s signature whistle instead just the voice.”                  10. _________

“Now we know they have labels for each other like we do.”

The findings are published in the US journal the Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

答案与解析

1. 答案：know —known

试题分析：本题为动词误用 。

详细解答：词组make...known表示“使……著称”，句意为 “除了人类，宽吻海豚是唯一一种以能辨别同类身份著称的动物”。而make...know表示“使……知道”，不符合原文。

2. 答案as —like

试题分析：本题为介词误用 。

详细解答：like表示“像 ” ，句意为“海豚像人类一样 ，能互相用姓名称呼对方”。而

as表示“作为” ，海豚不能作为人类 ，语意不对 。

3. 答案including —include

试题分析：本题为非谓语动词误用 。

详细解答：dolphins’whistling calls作为that从句 中的主语 ，repeated information作为句 中

的宾语，缺少谓语动词 ，因此include要用原形而不是-ing分词 。

4. 答案in —from

试题分析：本题为介词误用 。

详细解答：动词remove搭配介词from ，表示“从 ……中去除”。

5. 答案years —year

试题分析：本题为名词误用 。

详细解答：关于复合词 的用法 ，three years study如果用连字符合成一个词， “year”要 用单数形式 。

6. 答案conduced –- conducted

试题分析：本题为动词误用 。

详细解答：conduce是不及物动词 ，表示 “导致” ，conduct表示 “进行 、实施”。句 中

指“他们对野生海豚进行 了研究” ，故用后者 。

7. 答案deep —shallow

试题分析：本题为逻辑错误 。

详细解答：科学家录制野生海豚的叫声是在浅海水域 ，而非深海水域 。

8. 答案have —had

试题分析：本题为时态错误 。

详细解答：整个句子都是在叙述过去发生的事情 ，要用一般过去时。

9. 答案coolly —strongly

试题分析：本题为逻辑错误 。

详细解答：由于海豚能听懂同类的呼唤 ，因此反应“很强烈” ，而不是“很冷淡”。

10. 答案instead∧—of

试题分析：本题为缺词错误 。

详细解答：instead后面只能跟句子 ，且后要加逗号 ，而instead of 后面跟名词词组 。

重点、难点词汇

1. bottlenose 宽吻

2. Fife 法夫（英国苏格兰行政区名 ）

3. synthesize 使合成

4. the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 《美国国家科学院学报 》