词汇误用主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词的词性混淆或近义词误用，以及冠词的误用。通过下列习题的操练可以培养此类错误的辨析能力。

练一练

1.Robert Kahn, a psychologist who has studied the health effects of companionship once said,“Those patients with two or more close associations enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those who were completely alone.”

2. In modern society, people are under various pressure.

3. Not long ago, a mystery Christmas card dropped through our mail slot.

4. Knowledge begins to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual can be communicated to another by mean of speech.

5.The accuracy of scientifi cobservations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist’s timekeeping methods. For this cause, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.

6. The main resource of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.

7. The complete subjects in Grade 4 includes computer, philosophy, paper writing and translation.

8. The inventions of the poet, the artist and the writer often bring fame without wealth.

9. The originals of American Jazz are as interesting as the music itself.

10. Our acquaintance with them comes not from our mother’s mouth or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we attend.

11. The history evidence for the existence of Jesus comes primarily from Christian resources.

12. Mary, the assistant professor, helped edit the entries and introduce various sessions in the book.

13. He accepted her complement about his success with a smile.

14. Catherine White is my favorite teacher with 10 years’ experiences.

15. The engineer has introduced useful machineries to save labour in the power plant.

16. The newest vision of Google’s Android operating system, called Ice Cream Sandwich, has built-in encryption.

17.This global menace is personifi ed by a woman who is the Status of Liberty and Snow Queen rolled into one.

18.As a subsequence of the economic crisis, subscriptions to most scientifi c journals had been canceled.

19. Recently, the health care system tried offering a two-day summit for clinicians on techniques to motivate patients.

20.Almost one in three Americans is poor, or on the rim of becoming poor, including many of the Social Security recipients.

答案与解析

1. 答案associations —associates

解析本句的意思是 ：心理学家罗伯特•卡恩通过一项对病人的研究发现，有两个或者 两个以上亲密伙伴陪同的病人在一年危险期 的幸存几率是完全无人陪伴的病人的两倍 。此处指人 ，故用associates。

2. 答案pressure —pressures

解析pressure表示压力时既可以作为不可数名词也可以作为可数名词使用 。但此处强调“人们身处多重压力之下”。表示不同种类的压力 ，应该用可数名词复数形式 。

3. 答案mystery —mysterious

解析此处名词前应用形容词mysterious ，而非名词mystery 。

4. 答案mean —means

解析by means of 是 固定用法 ，意为“通过某种方法”。

5. 答案cause —reason

解析cause着重指产生或造成某事发生的原 因，往往指造成不好的影响。如 ：The cause of the accident was his carelessness.故不宜用在此处。reason着重指解释或说明某事发生的理由或原因，如 ：The reason for which he was late was that he got up late.

6. 答案resource —source

解析此处指“资金来源”。resource指“资源、物力、财力”，往往用复数 ，如 ：The exploitation of natural resources was hampered by the lack of technicians. 与of搭配的应当是source ，表示“来源”。

7. 答案subj ects —curriculum

解析此处指“四年级的全部课程”。subj ects表示“科目” ，但不能和complete搭配 ， 此处应当用集合名词curriculum 。

8. 答案inventions —creations

解析诗人、艺术家和作家的作品常使人成名而并非带来财富。但invention“发明(制造以前不存在的东西)” 往往指器械类发明，creation指运用自己的知识想象去创作 。

9. 答案originals —origins

解析originals作为名词意为“原作，原物”，此处句意为 “爵士乐的起源”，应当用origins。

10. 答案mouth —lips

解析learn something from one’s lips是固定搭配，表示 “从某人嘴里得知” ，而不是中文中“嘴”一词对应 的“mouth”。

11. 答案history —historical

解析historical evidence是固定搭配，表示“史证” ，需用形容词作名词的前置定语 ，而不用名词history 。

12. 答案sessions —sections

解析两个词都可以作为可数名词使用。sessions表示“学期、时间段”；sections表示 “章节 、段落”。本句的意思是：作为助理教授，玛丽曾协助编撰这本书中的一些词条并对不同的章节做了介绍。此处指“书中的章节”，故用sections。

13. 答案complement —compliment

解析本句的意思是：他以微笑接受她对他成功的称赞。compliment表示“称赞、恭维” ；complement是它的形似词 ，表示“补充 、补足物”。因此 ，选用前者 。

14. 答案experiences —experience

解析名词experience既可以用作可数名词表示“一次经历”，也可以用作不可数名词表示“经验”。本句中的凯瑟琳是一位有着十年教学经验的老师，故用experience。

15. 答案machineries —machinery

解析machinery是一个集体名词，表示机器的总称 ，不能用作可数名词，因此也没有复数形式 。

16. 答案vision —version

解析vision表示“视觉 、视力”，version表示“版本”。本句中指“谷歌最新版本的安卓操作系统”，故用后者 。

17. 答案Status —Statue

解析the Statue of Liberty特指“美国的自由女神像”，而status表示“地位”，与题意不符。

18. 答案subsequence —consequence

解析虽然两个词都表示“接下来发生的事情”，但subsequence只强调事件发生的先后顺序 ，consequence强调事件的因果关系，而且as a consequence of是 固定搭配，表示“作为……的结果”。

19. 答案summit —seminar

解析summit表示“峰会”，常由领导人参加，而seminar表示“研究班 、研究会”，强调学术性。本句的意思是：卫生部门为医生们举办了为期两天的研究会 ，研究讨论如何激发病人的积极性，故用后者 。

20. 答案rim —verge

解析两个词都表示“边缘”，但是on the verge of sth.是固定搭配，表示“在某事将要发生之前”。