about, around, round
1)表示“在……周围”,三者常可互换。如:
eg:They sat about [round, around] the fire.(他们围火而坐。)
注:在现代英语中,about 用于这种情况已不多见。
2)表示“到处”,三者常可互换。如:
eg:He traveled about / round / around the world.(他周游了全世界。)
3)用在数字之前表示“大约”,一般用about 或around。如:
eg: 1.It costs about / around ten dollars.(它大约要花10 美元。)
2.There are about / around 30 bookstores in the city.(这座城里大约有30 家书店。)
注:在英国英语中,在表示时间的词组里也可用round。
eg: 1.He arrived about / round / around 5 o’clock.(他是大约5点钟到的。)
2.I’ll be back about / round / around lunch time.(我午饭前后回来。)
4)表示把某物分给一群人中的每一个时,可用round 或around,而不用about。
eg: Will you hand round / around the papers?(请你把考卷分发一下,好吗?)
above, on, over
这些前置词均含“在……上”之意。
1)above :一般指位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是below。
eg: 1.The aeroplane was flying a few feet above the sea.( 飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。)
2.The chorus was seated above the orchestra.(合唱队的座位高于乐队席。)
2)on :指与另一物表面相接触。
eg: That book on the desk is an atlas.(桌上的那本书是地图册。)
3)over :指一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,但也含“覆盖于……之上”之意。其反义词是under。
eg:1.There is a lamp over the table.(桌子正上方有一盏灯。)
2.The clouds are right over us.(这云在我们的头顶上。)
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