besides, but, except, except for
这些前置词或短语均含“除……之外”之意。
besides : 着重于指另外还有。
I don't want to go; besides, I'm too tired.(我不想去, 再说我也太累了。)
but : 侧重指不包括在内。
They never meet but they discuss this problem.(他们每次见面都讨论这个问题。)
except : 侧重于排除在外,从整体里减去。可与but换用,但语气较强。
You will be punished, I can except no one.(你们都得受到惩罚, 我不放过任何人。)
except for : 多用于在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定,还引出相反的原因或细节,从而部分地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味。
His composition is excellent except for some grammatical mistakes.(他的作文写得很好, 只有几处语法错误。)
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