一、 题型透析

讲座/讲话为六级听力改革后的新增题型，本部分由三篇讲座/讲话组成，每篇讲座/讲话后有3~4个问题，共10道小题。讲座一般是指老师、教授或者名人就某一学术话题或社会话题等所做的讲话，讲话范围稍微广一些。每一套的三篇讲座/讲话中，第一篇长度为450词左右，设4道题；第二篇长度为400词左右，设3道题；第三篇长度为350词左右，设3道题。本部分难度与短文听力差不多，因此在设题点和解题步骤上可参考短文听力的相关内容。下面仅对常考题型和应试技巧进行简单讲解。

二、3大常考题型

通过分析官方给出的样题可以看出，讲座/讲话的试题根据考查点进行分类，基本上可分为三种：

1. 细节辨认题

这一类考题的特点是在讲座/讲话中几乎可以找到原文的表达，无需同义转述。这一类考题通常是对多项具体信息的辨别，要求考生对讲座/讲话中的细节问题能够准确把握。

例1：What is important to the success of an online store?

A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.

B) The huge volume of its annual sales.

C) The service it provides to its customers.

D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.

原文：I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work. Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples.

答案：D)。演讲者提到，一些产品和服务适合在网上销售，而其他一些不适合，接着指出适合的产品都是价值/重量比比较高的产品，故答案为D)。

2. 推理判断题

这类试题在讲座/讲话中占有一定的比重，它主要考查考生对讲座/讲话的部分内容或全部内容进行理解并综合归纳的能力。根据讲座/讲话的内容，判断出演讲者对某人、某事或某物的说法或看法。考生要根据所提供的信息，捕捉重要内容并进行推理或推断。这一类的考题通常不能从某一点上直接得出答案，而需要从讲座/讲话的几个方面进行归纳和判断。

例2：What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years”can often mean?

A) The loss of identity and self-worth.

B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.

C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.

D) The possession of wealth and high respect.

原文：For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years”are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean not only the decline of one’s health but also the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence.

答案：A)。Dr. Miller提到，对于一些年纪大的美国人来说，“黄金时代”(退休期)不仅意味着健康状况下降，还意味着失去身份和自我价值，故答案为A)。

3. 主旨大意题

这类考题在讲座/讲话中也占有一定的比例，主要考查学生判断讲座/讲话的主要内容的能力，以及对讲座/讲话侧重点的把握。

例3：What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?

A) The urgency of pension reform.

B) Medical care for senior citizens.

C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.

D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.

原文：Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.

答案：C)。Dr. Miller提到，他讨论的重点是改变我们对退休人群的看法，并找到老年人在社会中可以并且应该扮演的有意义的角色，故答案为C)。

另外，不排除针对演讲者的观点态度进行设题，考查学生对演讲者观点态度的理解。此处不再举例详述。

三、4大应试技巧

讲座/讲话虽为新增题型，但考生无需过分担忧。大多数的解题方法和应试技巧是通用的，此处仅作简单总结：

(1) 讲座/讲话的第一篇，一般会有一个主持人(Moderator)对主讲人的背景等情况进行相应的介绍，且其所说的话中一般会设置一道题目，注意听清主讲人的相关情况。

(2) 与短文听力差不多，讲座/讲话部分的大多数题目都是细节题或推断题，应特别留意文章中表示时间、地点、年代、数字、事物特征、原因、结果、目的等的相关内容。

(3) 要特别注意表示主讲人观点态度的地方，这些地方容易设置观点态度题。

(4) 要特别注意文章的开头和结尾，这两个地方容易设置主旨大意题。