2018年12月英语六级真题答案卷一写作

　　For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities。 You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。

　　第一段：学术学习和课外活动同等重要

　　第二段：分析重要性的原因。

　　第三段：得出结论。

　　It is generally agreed that academic study has been playing a crucial role in students’ life。 Nevertheless， we should not neglect the equal importance of extracurricular activities which can help us to build confidence and enhance overall abilities。

　　A number of factors might account for participating in both academic study and extracurricular activities。 With respect to academic study， one of the most common factors is to facilitate our academic competence。 There’s no doubt that study is the priority to students， and the academic performance， to a large extent， determines whether we can enter a prestigious school and get a decent job。 As for extracurricular activities， it is worth mentioning that it can supplement what we cannot learn from schools， such as the ability of critical thinking， problem-solving and addressing interpersonal relationship。

　　In view of how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities， effective measures should be taken into consideration。 In my perspective， the most useful technique is to promote our efficiency。 Only if can we manage our time well， we can have more time to do the both things。 To be more specific， a to-do list is highly recommended so that we can draw a clear picture of what we are going to do and distribute time to academic study and extracurricular activities in a more effective and balanced way。 With the efforts concerned， the imbalance will no longer be a problem。

　　2018年12月英语六级真题答案完整版：卷一翻译

　　中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。

　　China is paying more and more attention to public libraries， and people are encouraged to make full use of them。 The newly published statistics show that the number of public libraries in China is increasing year by year。 Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through refurbishment and expansion。 Large public libraries not only provide a wide variety of reference materials， but also regularly hold activities such as lectures， exhibitions and so on。 In recent years， there have also been many digital libraries which can save the space to store books。 Some libraries have also introduced self-service systems， making it more convenient for readers to borrow and return books， which further meets the needs of readers。

　　2018年12月英语六级真题答案卷一听力

　　ABCDD ABCAC BCDAB ADCDA BDACB

　　1。 A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike。

　　2。 B) Stories about some female physicists。

　　3。 C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge。

　　4。 D) It provides experiments they can do themselves。

　　5。 D)He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation。

　　6。 A) It is too broad。

　　7。 B) Nature。

　　8。 C) List the parameters first。

　　9。 A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland。

　　10。 C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years。

　　11。 B) Iceless summers in the Arctic。

　　12。 C) A strong determination。

　　13。 D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower。

　　14。 A) They could keep on working longer。

　　15。 B) They are subject to change。

　　16。 A) About half of current jobs might be automated。

　　17。 D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers。

　　18。 C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data。

　　19。 D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy。

　　20。 A) Drive trains with solar energy。

　　21。 B) Find a new material for storing energy。

　　22。 D) The poor relation between national health and social care services。

　　23。 A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services。

　　24。 C) Their preference for private services。

　　25。 B) They have long been discriminated against。

　　conversation 1

　　Hey I just read a great book about physics。 I think you‘d like it。 It’s called the physics of the world。 It‘s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez。

　　Oh I read that book。 It was great。 The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics。 I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist。

　　And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men。 I think she has to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists。 You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home。

　　I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge。 For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by university physics professors。 I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid。 This， she shows， is not true。 The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers process。

　　Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table。 From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard。 Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read。

　　Yes I must say this a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes， anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics。

　　Question 1： what does the woman say about the book the man recommended?

　　A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike。

　　Question 2： what can we find in the book the man recommended?

　　B) Stories about some female physicists。

　　Question 3： How does the author bring her book to life?

　　C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge。

　　Question 4： How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics。

　　D) It provides experiments they can do themselves。

　　conversation 2

　　A：Hi professor。 I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you‘re not too busy。 I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin。

　　B：Sure。 I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?

　　A：the general topic I chose is aesthetics， but that‘s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there。

　　B：Yeah，that‘s much too large a topic。 You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible。 Otherwise you’ll be writing a book。

　　A：Exactly。 That‘s what I wanted to ask you about。 I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics。 I’m really more interested in nature than beauty。

　　B：I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic。 Still， If you’re interested in nature， then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation。 We‘ve talked about Hume before in class right。

　　A：Oh yeah， he‘s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from。

　　B：Exactly。 I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography。 Start from there。 But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment。 This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade。 So make sure to follow the instructions。 If you take a look at his biography。 You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty。 specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful。

　　A：Great。 Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions， Professor。 I‘ll let you get back to class now。

　　B：If there‘s anything else you need， please come see me in my office any time。

　　Question 5： What is the man‘s problem?

　　D)He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation。

　　Question 6 What does the professor think of the man‘s topic?

　　A) It is too broad。

　　Question 7 What’s the man really more interested in?

　　B) Nature。

　　Question 8 what does the professor say the man has to do?

　　C) List the parameters first。

　　passage 1

　　During the arctic winter from October to March， the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius。 But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures。 On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours。 Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius。 Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning。 Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before。 They typically appear about once in a decade。 However， the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago。 This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming。 Indeed， sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected。 Without those masses of cooling sea ice， warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before。 The air can stay warmer longer too。 This drives additional melting。 Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace。 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth。 This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive。 Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060， but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years。

　　Question 9。 What did climate scientists describe as stunning?

　　A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland。

　　Question 10。 What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?

　　C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years。

　　Question 11。 what may occur in 20 years according to scientists’ recent observations?

　　B)Iceless summers in the Arctic。

　　Passage2

　　A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it‘s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel。 And if you want to increase that willpower。 A new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it。 According to this study， what matters most is what we think about our willpower。 If we believe it’s a finite resource， we act that way， we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks。 However， people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead。 The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study。 They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity， my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired。

　　Although there was little difference between men and women overall。 Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going。 Based on the findings， the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it。 Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave。 But these feelings are changeable， they said。 Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development。 This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people。

　　Question 12 What is often necessary for carrying through a task?

　　C) A strong determination。

　　Question 13 What is the finding of the new study?

　　D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower。

　　Question 14 What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?

　　A) They could keep on working longer。

　　Question 15 What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?

　　B)They are subject to change。

　　lecture 1

　　Here is my baby niece Sarah。 Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer。 By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different。 In 2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work。 They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines。 Machine learning is the technology that‘s responsible for most of this disruption。 It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence。 It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do。 My company， Kaggle， operates on the cutting edge of machine learning。 We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia。 This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do， what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten。 Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s。 It started with relatively simple tasks。 It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications， sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes。 Over the past few years， we have made dramatic breakthroughs。 Machine learning is now capable of far， far more complex tasks。 In 2012， Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays。 The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers。 Now given the right data， machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this。 A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career。 A machine can read millions of essays within minutes。 We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks， but there are things we can do that machines cannot。 Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations。 Machines can’t handle things they haven‘t seen many times before。 The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data。 But humans don’t。 We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we‘ve never seen before。

　　Question 16 what did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?

　　A) About half of current jobs might be automated。

　　Question 17。 What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?

　　D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers。

　　Question 18。 What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?

　　C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data。

　　lecture 2

　　we‘ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy。 We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done。 So far， our discussions have all been theoretical。 Now I have a practical question for you all。 Can you run a 140，000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? Well， one engineer， Tim Casselman， believes it‘s possible。 And his home city of Sacramento， California should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard。 Casselman， who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary， is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars。 Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes。 This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire。 Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost。 According to Harry Valentijn， a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology， a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so。 Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water for example a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated。 These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase。 The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material。 Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide。 In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam。

　　Question 19： What has the speaker previously talked about?

　　D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy。

　　Question 20： What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento?

　　A) Drive trains with solar energy。

　　Question 21： what has a Japanese research team tried to do?

　　B) Find a new material for storing energy。

　　Lecture 3

　　Today‘s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes。

　　First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs。 Second， they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services。

　　Current services originate in two key measures。 They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act。 This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations。

　　They also provided home and community services including meals， day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services。 The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided。 It delivered the best health-care for all。 No such vision guided residential and community care though。 The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income。 Today， life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now。 In addition， there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care。 This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support。 Families provide at least as much care as they ever did。 Even so， they can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal needs。 Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent。 From the early 1960s， local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services。 The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible， but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care。 Through the 1970s， a number of measures sought to improve matter。 However at a time of financial crisis， funding diminished and little changed。 In the 1980s， the government cut spending。 Meanwhile， preference for private over public services made management even more difficult。 Simultaneously， the number of sick older people grew。 Governments emphasized the need to improve services。 They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid。 Services were irregular across authorities。 Unless you were prepared to pay， they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled。 Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change。 Discrimination against older people has a long history。 Additionally， those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination。

　　Question 22 what is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?

　　D) The poor relation between national health and social care services。

　　Question 23。 What does the speaker say about residential and community care?

　　A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services。

　　Question 24。 What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?

　　C) Their preference for private services。

　　Question 25。 What does the speaker say about older people in England?

　　B) They have long been discriminated against。

　　2018年12月英语六级真题答案卷一阅读

　　选词填空 AIFJB GKMDE

　　In what is probably the craziest headline I have ever written， actual advances in livestock protection are happening by scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows。 The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who are protecting their herd from lions， would shoot and kill lions in the efforts to protect their livestock。 While this makes a lot of sense， it resulting in many lion deaths that otherwise would have been unnecessary。 Researchers in Australia have been devising and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by stamping eyes on cow butts。

　　This idea is based on the principle that lions and other predators are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched。 As conservation areas become smaller， lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations， which are expanding to the boundaries of these protected areas。

　　Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first， but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation。 “If the method works， it could provide farmers in Botswana – and elsewhere – with a low-cost， sustainable tool to protect their livestock， and a way to keep lions safe from being killed。”

　　Lions are primarily ambush hunters， so when they feel their prey has spotted them， they usually give up on the hunt。 Researchers are currently testing their idea on a select herd of cattle。 They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left others as normal。 Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area， they will be able to determine if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions。

　　26。 A advances

　　27。 I otherwise

　　28。 F devising

　　29。 J predators

　　30。 B boundaries

　　31。 G elsewhere

　　32。 K primarily

　　33。 M spotted

　　34。 D currently

　　35。 E determine

　　匹配 DJLAE KIBGC

　　D 36。 It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents。

　　J 37。 Mental relaxation is much needed， just as physical relaxation is。

　　L 38。 Adequate rest not only helps one recover， but also increases one‘s work efficiency。

　　A 39。 The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight。

　　E 40。 Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working。

　　K 41。 It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking。

　　I 42。 Contrary to popular belief， rest does not equal recovery。

　　B 43。 The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience。

　　G 44。 People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing。

　　C 45。 People’s tend to think the more determined they are，the greater their success will be。

　　仔细阅读 BADAC CDBAB

　　46。 What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?

　　B)The predictors of children’s academic success。

　　47。 How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?

　　A) By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined。

　　48。 What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?

　　D) Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention。

　　49。 What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?

　　A)They do better academically。

　　50。 What can we conclude from the Duke study?

　　C) Social skills are playing a key role in children’s development。

　　51。 What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?

　　C) It is not so obvious but has caused some concern。

　　52。 What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology?

　　D) It greatly improves research on human behavior。

　　53。 What characterizes traditional psychological research?

　　B) It relies on lab observations and participants’ reports。

　　54。 How will future psychological studies benefit individuals?

　　A) By helping them pin down their unusual behaviors。

　　55。 What do we learn about current psychological studies?

　　B) They are increasingly focused on real-life situations。