四级阅读

【选词填空1】

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to T select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from  26  praise as much as we’d like to think."Parents often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence. However,over-praising can have a_27_effect,” says Phillip.“When we use the same praise  28 , it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be  29   with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of  30  their parents.”

Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no."The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the  31 . it is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,"she says."Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow”

So how do we break the  32  of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important  to _33_ between ""person praise" and "process raise". "Person praise is  34_ saying how great someone is. It's a form personal approval. Process praise as acknowledgment of the efforts to person has just  35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,"says Phillip.

答案1：

B. constant

ve

edly

L rewarded

C disappointing

H. outcome

I .pattern

D .distinguish

aken

【选词填空2】

The things people make,and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and influence how empires rise and fall.So,any disruption to the world' s factories matters.

And that disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised,filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more flexible, and more efficient.

Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills,and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long promised a world where you can make anything,any- where,from a computerised design. That vision is moving closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires.Humans will be spared many of the dirty, repetitive,and dangerous jobs that have long been a feature of factory life.

Greater efficiency inevitably means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers-and see automation and robots as a solution.

But  Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a fantastic opportunity to make the world a better

place. "Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth,and the biggest source of great jobs in the past. "You can see it changing.That's an opportunity to shape that system differently,and if we can, it will have enormous significance."

答案2：

26.K) matters

27.G) flexible

28.M) promised

29.L)moving

30.O) spared

31.F)feature

32.H)inevitably

33.A)automation

34.D)fantastic

35..N)shape

【快读阅读1】

Poverty is a story about us,not them

36.[E] That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"

37.[H] But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with$400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason: economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.

38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor."

39.[J] The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom

40.[D] If these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?

41.[F] How many of us are poor in the U.S.?

42.[N]"Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and"black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.

43.[]]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.

44.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"

45.[L] Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.

【快读阅读2】

The History of the Lunch Box

36.[F] City kids,on the other hand,went home for lunch and came back.

37.[J] The company sold 600, 000 units the first year.

38.[O] The introduction of backpacks changed the lunch box scene a bit,he adds.

39.[C] Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes for decades.

40.[H] And then everything changed in the year of 1950.

41.[L] The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence,that is,to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing.

42.[D] Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really.

43.[A] It was made of shiny,bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front,and I carried it with me nearly every single day.

44.[M] The metal lunch box craze lasted until the mid-1980s,when plastic took over.

45.[l] But these containers were really durable,lasting years on end.

【快读阅读3】

36. [H] Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve.

37. [D]This is a city of immigrants—38 percent of the city’s population today is foreign-born—and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America.

38. [K] The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America’s ideas about itself. That raises questions about the endurance of that foundational belief.

39. [B] Kids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile of income nationally had the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile.

40. [G] Whether the city allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate.

41. [I] Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed.

42. [E] Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem , in some says, to embody the best of America.

43. [C] San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark’s and Canada’s and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.

44. [H] Given this, the future for the region’s poor doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did.

45. [F] But researchers aren’t sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well.

【仔细阅读1】

Passage one

46. C They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.

47. B The falling prices of ebike batteries.

48. D It will profit from ebike sharing.

49. A Retailers’ refusal to deal in ebikes.

50. D The younger generation’s pursuit of comfortable riding.

Passage Two

51. A To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.

52. C It covers more phenomena.

53. D Deliberate choice of words.

54. B For greater precision

55. C Human activities have serious effects on Earth.

【仔细阅读2】

Passage one

46. A When they don’t have the chance to do what they want

47. D harmful conduct

48. B Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.

49. C It may promote creative thinking.

50. D Allow oneself some time to be bored

Passage two

51. B. Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.

52. C Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage

53. A The government’s advocacy

54. C Their capacity of improving air quality

55. D Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.