备考英语四级的过程中，对于单词的积累和语法的掌握是学习的重中之重。时态(tense)是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。下面是小编给大家分享的学习内容，大家可以作为参考。

英语时态精讲之一般现在时

1、含有be动词的句子

He is a teacher.

The girl is very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are students.

★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Is he a teacher?

Is the girl very beautiful?

Are Tim and Jack students?

★变否定句在be动词后面加not

He is not a teacher.

The girl is not very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are not students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, he is. / No, he is not.

Yes, she is. / No, she is not.

Yes, they are. / No, they are no

2、不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子。

(1)第三人称单数及单数名词

He likes books.

She likes him.

The dog likes bones.

★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型

Does he like books?

Does she like him?

Does the dog like bones?

★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn't, 动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。

He doesn't like books.

She doesn't like him.

The dog doesn't like bones.

★肯定回答及否定回答:

Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't

Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.

注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。

(2)其他人称及复数名词

I want to have a bath.

We have some meat.

The students like smart teachers.

★变疑问句在句首加do

Do you want to have a bath?

Do we have any meat?

Do the students like smart teachers?

★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don't.

You don't want to have a bath.

We don't have any meat.

The students don't like smart teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

Yes, we do. / No, we don't

Yes, they do. / No, they don't.

过去将来进行时：

一、过去将来进行时的用法

过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。

二、过去将来进行时的构成

过去将来进行时由“would + be + 现在分词”构成。如：

I thought you’d be sleeping. 我以为你在睡觉哩。

She said she would be looking after you. 她说她会照顾你的。

He didn’t know when he’d be seeing us again. 他不知道什么时候他会再见到们。

I asked her what she would be doing on Saturday. 我问她星期六干什么。

He said that he would be seeing me off on the l0 o’clock train. 他说他将送我乘10点钟的火车走。

They moved to the main entrance where the car would be waiting. 他们向大门走去，那辆车会在那里等着。

三、过去将来进行时通常用于以下句型

1. 用于宾语从句中

I felt it would be presuming on our friendship to keep asking her for help. 我觉得不断要她帮忙是利用了我们的交情。

We informed them by telegram that we would be arriving early. 我们打电报通知他们，我们将在早上到达。

The announcer informed viewers that programmes would be running late. 播音员通知观众节目时间可能推后。

It was thoughtless of her to have rushed out and not said where she would be going. 她这样冲出去又不说去哪里，真是太不为别人着想了。

He announced that there would be more stringent controls on the possession of weapons. 他宣布将对武器的持有实行更严格的控制。

A sixth sense told her that he would be waiting for her when she got home. 她有一种第六感觉，就是她到家时他一定在那儿等候她呢。

She glanced about the hall, hoping against hope that Richard would be waiting for her. 她眼睛扫过大厅，对理查德会在那里等她仍怀有一丝希望。

On May 18, the employee wrote to the council that he would be taking the doctor’s advice. 5月18日，这位雇员致信委员会，称他将遵照医嘱。

2. 用于虚拟语气的主句

If she could get sponsors, she would be sitting pretty. 如果能得到赞助，她会极占优势。

I was excited. Next Wednesday we would be flying to Sydney. 我很兴奋。下星期三我们就会飞往悉尼了。

I would be exceeding my powers if I ordered the march to be halted. 如果我命令停止游行，我就越权了。

If I was to insult the contestants I would be shooting myself in the foot. 如果我羞辱参赛者，就会搬起石头砸自己的脚。

You would be spending your time to better advantage if you did what I suggested. 如果你按我的建议去做，你的时间会得到更有效的利用。

过去完成进行时：

一、结构形式

过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”构成，因此无人称变化。

二、用法归纳

■过去完成进行时表示持续到过去某时的一个动作(可算是现在完成进行时的过去式)：

The ground was wet. It had been raining. 地是湿的。此前一直在下雨。

At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。

She was out of breath. She had been running. 她气喘吁吁，她一直在跑来着。

He gave up smoking last year. He’d been smoking for twenty years. 去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经二十年。

■过去时间可用一个时间状语表示：

When I first met her, she had been working in the company for ten years. 我第一次见到她时，她在那家公司已工作十年了。

I had not been waiting long when a taxi drew up. 我没等多久就来了一辆出租车。

She had been looking at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 这包裹她看了好一会儿才明白这是寄给她妈的。

Until/Up till then she had been living with her daughter. 到那时为止她一直和她女儿一起住。

■但在更多情况下过去时间由另一句子表示出来，毋需加上时间状语：

Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她眼睛红红的，显然她是哭了。

Jane was annoyed. Peter had been phoning her every night. 简很不高兴。彼得一直每晚给打电话。

He was very tired. He had been working all day. 他很累。他干了一整天活。

She couldn’t understand him. She hadn’t been learning English long. 她不懂他的话。她学语的时间还不长。

I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个恶梦。

She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。

Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她的眼睛红了，显然她刚哭过。

We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarrelled. 在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。

When I first met Ann, she had been working for Exxon for 15 years. 我第一次遇到安的时候，她已在埃克森公司干了15年了。

Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 詹妮生气了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都给她打电话。

■有时上下文可说明是谈过去的事，因此不需要时间状语：

She had been watching TV all day. 她看了一天的电视。

I had been reading your book. 我一直在看你写的书。

The rain had been pouring all night. 倾盆大雨下了一整夜。

We had been travelling in many countries. 我们一直在许多国家旅游。

将来完成进行时：

一、将来完成进行时的用法

将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间(即说话者人提及的时间)，是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。如：

By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我已经为该公司干了24年了。

If we don’t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们若不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。

二、将来完成进行时的构成

将来完成进行时由“will / shall have been+现在分词”构成。

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。

I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底，我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。

三、将来完成进行时连用的时间状语

与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”，见上面的例子。当然除“by+将来时间”外，连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。如：

He will have been working all day. 他整天将都在工作。

She will have been having treatment all her life. 她将终生受到治疗。

I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。

四、将来完成进行时的情态意义

“will / shall have been+现在分词”结构除表示将来完成进行时外，有时其中的 will 也可能是情态动词，具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。如：

They will have been having a holiday yesterday. 他们昨天大概是在度假。

You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works. 我想你这些时候一直想知道我的发明怎样会行得通的。

以上就是英语四级语法知识，希望可以给大家在学习的过程中带来帮助。