Section B

Passage One

一、篇章结构

本文是一篇关于希腊墓葬的说明文。文章开始就提到大多数人死后尸体会被挖出来，有的甚至会被挖出几次。为什么死后还得不到安宁呢？后半部分给出了原因--空间不足。有人提出了火化，这又与其宗教教义是相悖的。文章最后提出了两种解决问题的方法。

二、核心词汇

undisturbed a. ①无扰动的 ②安静的；
guarantee vt. ①保证 ②担保 n. ①保证 ②保证书；
remove vt. ①移开 ②脱下 ③把......免职；
multi-storey a. 多层的

三、话题词汇

bury n. 埋葬

city council n. 市议会

cremation n. 火化，火葬

decay v. 腐烂，衰退

dig up vt. 挖出(采掘，发现)

grave n. 坟墓

skeleton n. 骨骸，骨架

space n. 空间

四、难句解析

1.If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed.

【解析】此句是个并列句，用but not for long连接。并列的成分是if引导的partially decayed条件句和when引导的fully decayed时间状语从句。

2.The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found.

【解析】本句使用so...that句型，讲述城市过度拥挤造成的结果。until引导条件状语，表示尸体要存放在医院一个多星期后才能找到坟墓。

五、试题详解

【解题核心】选项均为动词原形表明本题为考查"行为活动"类型。原文第一句就说到"只有富人死后才能永久安息"，带着"为什么"的疑问听原文，可以迅速确定答案。

【正确项分析】听力原文中"buying a piece of land"可以避免尸体被挪来挪去，与选项D内容相符。

【干扰项分析】选项A是大多数人的做法，租期为三年，但此做法仍无法保证死者得到永久的安宁。选项B是希腊教会反对的做法，并未在希腊实行。选项C在原文中未提到。

【解题核心】选项均为不定式表明本题很可能是考查做某事的目的或原因。根据短文主题及选项中decayed, move等词可推测，B选项中的they和 C中them代指bodies。根据 B、D选项内容可推测本题很可能是与移动尸体的目的或原因有关。一般这类询问目的或原因的题目往往是在问题上做句型的转换，也就是对原文的同义转述，答案则经常是原文的细节辨认，因此听音时应重点留意以下要点：lack of land，if decayed，religion，multi-storey graveyard。

【正确项分析】文中明确说明此举的原因是lack of space，与选项A同意。

【干扰项分析】选项B不是根本目的。选项C原文中并未提到。文章最后虽提到建造多层墓地，但multi-story graveyard还未建成，更不能如选项D中所说的将尸体移到那里。

【解题核心】选项表明本题很可能是关于尸体埋藏的方式。由选项中的should可推测本题很可能与建议或意见有关。故听音时应重点留意表达建议或意见的词句。A选项是说埋藏时将尸体躺着放，B选项则是说埋藏时将尸体立着放，二者正好相反，故很可能有一个为答案。

【正确项分析】希腊教会反对火葬，因为违背宗教教义。为了节约空间，教会建议将尸体竖立着而非平躺着埋葬，选项B正确。

【干扰项分析】文中用instead of lying down否定了选项A中的横放安葬。选项C、D均不是教会的建议。

【解题核心】选项均为动名词表明本题为考查"行为活动"类型。四个选项均表示处理尸体的方式，故本题很可能是关于除埋藏以外的其他处理尸体的方式。听音时应留意以下要点：burn；store in remote place；place in bone room。本题只要抓住burn一词便不难选出答案。

【正确项分析】burning dead bodies在Greek church前后出现了两次，问题中的object to与原文中的resist是同义词，所以应该选A选项。

【干扰项分析】选项B、C、D虽在原文中都提及，但与希腊教会的观点没有任何关系。

六、原文及译文

In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die. Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, and then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long. The body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent the grave for three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after the three years. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Athens' city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning dead bodies, as a means of dealing with the problems. But the Greek church resists this practice; they believe the only place where people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.

26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace?

27. Why are most dead bodies in Athens dug up after three years?

28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of dead bodies?

29. What practice does the Greek church object to?

在希腊，只有富人死后才能得到永久安息。然而，大部分人死后享受安宁的时间只有3年，随即他们会被挖出、洗净、塞到一个小锡盒里，然后被放入存放尸骸的房间。如果身体只是局部腐烂，它会被再次埋葬在一个更小更廉价的墓地里。不久，等身体全都腐烂后，会再次被挖出。买块墓地是避免这一过程的唯一方法。墓穴的成本过高，大多数人选择租坟墓，租期为三年。尸骨被挖出来后，永久的安宁也仍得不到保证。如果没有人缴纳租用尸骸存放处的租金，骨骸会被移出并存放在城市贫穷区的一个建筑内。雅典的空间不足是埋葬三年后被挖出来的主要原因。这个城市是如此拥挤，有时尸体被放在医院一个多星期后才能找到坟墓。雅典的市议员希望引进火葬，即燃烧尸体，作为解决问题的方法。但是希腊教会反对这种做法，他们认为唯一焚烧人的地方是地狱，这与希腊死后重生的观念是相冲突的。为了节省空间，教会建议将尸体竖直而非平躺安葬。有些人则提议建立地下多层墓地。

26. 为让死者永久安息，希腊人必须做什么?

27. 在雅典，为什么尸体埋葬三年后会被挖出?

28. 教会建议如何埋葬尸体?

29. 希腊教会反对什么样的做法?

Passage Two

一、篇章结构

这是一篇关于国际饭店的说明文，属社会文化类型。文章指出美国的大城市都有国际饭店，并以底特律市为例说明了这类饭店深受欢迎的两个原因。最后，介绍了美国最常见的意大利餐馆，并扼要介绍了其两种经营模式。

二、核心词汇

apart from 除......外；
typical a. ①典型的 ②有代表性的

三、话题词汇

family restaurant 家庭餐厅

foreign a. 外国的

international a. 国际的

native a. 本国的，本土的

restaurant n. 餐厅，饭店

sample n. 样品，标本

四、难句解析

1.Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life.

【解析】此句关键是as well as并列结构连接the foods和the opportunity，共同做动词enjoy的宾语。即美国人既享受食物，又抓住机会。不定式to better understand the people and their way of life是the opportunity的后置定语。

2.Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the business.

【解析】本句主句为it may be a large restaurant。or是连词，表示"或者"。owned by several different people作后置定语修饰restaurant。restaurant与own是被动关系，所以用owned。who worked together in the business是典型的定语从句，先行词为several different people。

五、试题详解

【解题核心】选项中的foreign，immigrants表明本题很可能与美国对外来食物的喜好有关。选项A、C、D三项均与"外来食物"有关，B选项与外来食物无关，可初步排除。D选项说美国人更偏爱外来食物而不大喜欢自己国家的食物，说法过于绝对，故也可初步排除。因此本题的关键就是在tourists和immigrants之间选择。

【正确项分析】文中提到的原因之二是说美国人来自世界各地，与选项C相符。

【干扰项分析】选项A、B、D在原文中并没有提到。最大干扰项是选项D，虽然文中提到enjoy eating the food of other nations，但仅仅是喜欢异国风味食物，并没有与本国食物比较。

【解题核心】选项中都含有can表明本题很可能与做某事能够达到的目的有关。由选项中的other countries，other cultures，foreign等可推测本题很可能涉及到与其他国家人民的接触。根据对主题的分析可知本文主要与饮食有关，而选项C、D分别是从语言和商业角度来说，与主题不太相关，二者均不大可能为答案。故本题主要应在选项A和B之间选择。

【正确项分析】文中明确提到"Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life"。选项B与as well as并列结构之后的原因相符。

【解题核心】选项中waitress, serve, guests以及husband, mother, children等表明本题很可能与家庭经营的餐馆中各个家庭成员如何分工有关。四个选项中负责cooking的人均不同，故听音时只要辨别出由谁来cooking即可确定答案。

【正确项分析】"The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there."轻松可以判断出，选项C与之相符。

六、原文及译文

If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find a restaurant would serve the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United States offer international sample of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United States. A second reason is that many Americans come from other parts of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from Western Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life. One of the most common international restaurants to be found in the United States is the Italian restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business run by a single family. The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there. Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meats, tomatoes and cheese. They are very delicious and tasty.

30. Why are there so many international restaurants in the United States?

31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the foods there?

32. How is a typical Italian family restaurant run in the United States?

去世界上任何一个大城市，大概都会找到一家供应你本国食物的餐馆。在美国，多数大城市提供来自全世界的食物。很多人喜欢吃其他国家的食物，这可能就是美国的风味餐厅众多的原因之一。第二个原因是美国人来自世界各地，他们喜欢品尝自己国家的食物。例如在底特律，许多人来自西欧、希腊、拉丁美洲和远东地区，所以底特律就有许多餐馆提供这些区域的食物。还有很多其他的国际饭店。美国人喜欢这些餐厅的食物并且将其作为更好地了解他人以及其生活方式的机会。在美国，最常见的国际饭店是意大利餐馆。这个餐馆可能是由单个家庭经营的小型餐厅。母亲负责烹饪，父亲和孩子们负责招待就餐的客人。它也可能是几个人共同合作经营的大餐厅。美国人喜欢的许多意大利菜是用肉、番茄和奶酪制成，美味可口。

31. 为什么在美国有这么多的国际饭店?

32. 除享受食物，还有什么原因促使美国人热衷于国际饭店?

33. 一个典型的意大利家庭餐馆在美国是怎样经营的?

Passage Three

一、篇章分析

本文讲述了篮球的起源，是一篇科技类文章。篮球是由一位足球教练发明的。最初是为了给赛后的球员做娱乐的，把篮子挂在体育场的两端，将球投进即算得分。但是这种新游戏有缺点，后来经过人们的改进，最终成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动之一。

二、核心词汇

be in for 肯定要遭受；
come up with 想出，提出；
entertain v. ①娱乐 ②招待

三、话题词汇

assist v. 助攻

center n. 中锋

court n. 球场

final n. 总决赛

forwards n. 前锋

guards n. 后卫

scoring n. 得分

slam/dunk v. (强力)灌篮

home court 主场

post season 季后赛

regular season 季赛

road game 客场比赛

set shot 立定投篮

四、难句解析

1. The problem with the new game, which was soon called "basketball", was getting the ball out of the basket.

【解析】本句which was soon called "basketball"做非限制性定语从句，修饰the new game。主句用过去进行时，表示过去一段时间发生的事情，现在问题已经解决了。

2. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through.

【解析】本句重点理解it is + time + before句式。例如：It won't be long before a new factory is built in our hometown. 此句如果按照字词原意应译为：在一座新工厂在我们家乡建造之前时间不会太长。此种翻译虽然遵照原意，但汉语却很难理解，所以，此句常被译为：不久，我们家乡就会建立一座新工厂。before 常被译为它的反义词after之意。在本句中也是如此，应理解为"几年后，有人提出将篮底去掉，这样球就直接掉落下来了。"

五、试题详解

【解题核心】选项中train，let和taught表明he很可能是代指"教练"。本题很可能是问教练带领或教队员们做什么。抓住本篇文章关键词new game，文中出现过两次，这也是本文介绍的重点。

【正确项分析】听力原文中有"new game that would have the excitement of the American football"，与选项D相符。

【干扰项分析】本文介绍的new game就是篮球的前身，此时篮球还没有出现，所以选项A错误。选项B是不相关词汇的拼凑。getting balls out of a basket是该新型游戏让人感到棘手的问题，选项C为答非所问。

【解题核心】选项中trouble和difficulty表明本题很可能与比赛中的问题或困难有关。D选项不是比赛过程中具体的问题，与其他三项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。因此听音时应重点关注以下要点：basket too high，ball out of basket，complex rules。

【正确项分析】"The problem with the new game, which was soon called "basketball", was getting the ball out of the basket."明确提到了新游戏的棘手难题，与选项B相符。

【干扰项分析】选项A、C内容在原文中并未提及。选项D与原文不符，如果很快就对游戏失去兴趣，也就不会有篮球现在的繁荣景象了。

【解题核心】选项表明本题是关于做某事的方式。而前面分析可知，34题是关于比赛中的问题或困难，故本题很可能是关于如何解决该问题或困难。本题中选项A、B、C分别是针对34题选项B、A、C三种问题的解决办法，因此只要抓住问题或解决办法中的任何一方面，便可确定两道题的答案。

【正确项分析】"It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through."选项A与原文一致。

六、原文及译文

One winter day in 1891, a class at a training school in Massachusetts, U.S.A, went into the gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt they were in for a boring time.

But their teacher, James Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a new game that would have the excitement of the American football. Nasmith showed the men a basket he had hung at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to sue a round European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he was standing. "Pass! Pass!" Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called "basketball", was getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world's most popular sports.

33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day?

34. According the speaker, what was the problem with the new game?

35. How was the problem with the new game solved?

1891年冬季的一天，美国马萨诸塞州一所培训学校的一个班走进体育馆进行日常训炼。由于足球赛季已经结束，大多数年轻人觉得进体育馆也很无聊。

但他们的老师詹姆斯·内史密斯却不这么想。他很长时间以来一直在研究一项新游戏，这个新游戏与美式足球一样另人兴奋。内史密斯向大家展示了他挂在体育馆两端的篮子，要求大家把一个欧式足球投进篮子。最开始，无论站在哪里，球员们只是努力将球投到篮子里。"传球！传球！"内史密斯不停地喊着，并吹哨让兴奋的球员们停下来。慢慢地，球员们开始明白了规则。这个新游戏很快就被称为"篮球"。篮球面临的问题就是如何把球从篮子里取出来。当时他们使用的是有底的普通食物篮子，这样球就卡在里面了。最初，每次投球得分必须得有人爬上去取球。几年后，有人提出将篮底去掉，这样球就直接掉落下来了。自此以后，规则也在不断变化。如今，篮球已经成为世界上最流行的体育运动之一。

33. 冬季的一天，内史密斯如何让他的学生娱乐的？

34. 新游戏的问题是什么?

35. 新游戏的问题是如何解决的?