Unit 2 Teaching Plan
Time Allotment

Section A Iron and Effects of Exercise

Teaching objectives:
1.The students should be able to tell the main idea in their own words.
2.The students should grasp the important words to make sentences with them.
3.The students should learn to write according to the give pattern.

Pre-reading activites
1. Background Information
1) Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise:
This is a multidisciplinary journal featuring original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields.
2) Digestive system:
The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food.

2. Listen to a short passage and answer the questions
1) Why do women often not have enough iron in their bodies?
For reference:
This is often because most of them go on a restricted diet so as to keep themselves slim. Of course, there are also many other causes of it. One is that many women are more particular about what they eat than men do. Another is their fat-reducing exercise. If they restrict their diet by rejecting iron-rich food, more exercise may lead to greater loss of iron in their blood. A third one lies in their physiological characteristics. Women of child-bearing age are at the greatest risk of iron deficiency as their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.

2) If iron levels are low, what problems can women experience?
For reference:
If women suffer from iron deficiency, they may experience such problems as follows: If their iron reserves become lower and lower until they are not enough to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles, fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in their daily life. Once their iron reserves go to zero, they often feel tired, weak, and out of breath. If they wait until that point, they are really in trouble.

3) What can you eat to get iron and what disadvantages can these supplements sometimes have?
For reference:
People who suffer from iron deficiency can add more iron-rich food to their diet. The best sources of iron are meat, chicken, and fish. Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables. People with low iron reserves may also take supplements. But generally speaking, it’s better to undo the problem of iron deficiency by consuming iron-rich food than by taking supplements, because supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases

Global Reading
1. Text structure analysis:
1) Main idea of the text: Exercise may lead to more loss of iron in females, which in turn produces serious effects on their health. According to sports medicine experts, active women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem.

2) The main idea of each part:
Part I (Paras. 1-3) Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
Part II (Paras. 4-6) This part is about the causes for both iron deficiency among women in general and more serious deficiency among active women.
Part III (Paras. 7 - 9) The author makes clear both the effects of iron deficiency on people’s health and the importance of checking iron reserves to active people.
Part IV (Paras.10-12) The author gives his advice on how to remedy iron deficiency.

3) Essay Summary (P. 43)

2. Devices for developing the text:
The whole essay is written in a typical problem-analysis-solution-evaluation pattern (问题解决法).
(1). Problem: (Para. 1): Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. (Para. 1)
(2).Provision of evidence for the problem: (Paras. 2 & 3)
a. Their study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week showed evidence of iron loss (Para. 2)
b. Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back;
c. The new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels. (Para. 3)
(3) Analysis of general causes for it: (Para. 4)
a. Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in;
b. Women’s monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss;
c. Many women increase their risk of iron loss by rejecting red meat;
d. Women are liable to experience a deficiency as a result of restricting their diet in weight control.
(4) Analysis of specific causes for it: (Paras. 5 - 6)
a. The average woman takes in only 2/3 of the recommended daily allowance for iron, which would easily cause iron deficiency if they take some exercises. (Para. 5)
b. Some iron is lost in sweat, and intense endurance exercises may cause iron deficiency through bleeding of the digestive system and bleeding of the blood vessels in the feet. (Para. 6)
(5) Analysis of effects of iron deficiency: (Paras. 7 - 8)
a. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear when not enough iron is present in their blood to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles.
b. When their iron reserves go to zero, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath — and their exercise performance is severely compromised; and they are in trouble.
(6) Analysis of effects of iron deficiency: (Paras. 7 - 8)
a. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear when not enough iron is present in their blood to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles.
b. When their iron reserves go to zero, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath — and their exercise performance is severely compromised; and they are in trouble.
(7) Analysis of importance of checking iron reserves: (Para. 9)
a. It is important to check levels of a different compound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood.
b. Both women and men are at risk of iron deficiency as a result of a high level of active physical exercise.
c. It is advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.
(8).Solution to the problem: (Paras. 10 - 11)
a. If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements… (Para. 10)
b. Select breads and cereals with the words ‘iron-added’ on the label… (Para. 11)
c. Eat the foods with plentiful Vitamin C to enhance the amount of iron absorbed. (Para. 11)
d. Cook in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process. ( Para. 11)
e. Avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body. ( Para. 11)
(9).Evaluation: (Para. 12)
“Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices. If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.” To support his argument, the author quotes as hard evidence the remarks respectively from the associate professor of Purdue University, Roseanne M. Lyle (Paras. 2, 3 and 12), another expert at Purdue (Para. 5), one of the Purdue study designers, John L. Beard (Paras. 8 and 9), and the sports diet expert Nancy Clark (Para. 11).

Detailed reading: Language study
1.导致 lead to
新规定应有助于我们淡水供应的改善。
The new regulations should lead to an improvement in our fresh water supply.
2.(遭受挫败／损失后)很快恢复
我们足球队遭受一连串的失败后又东山再起了。
Our football team bounced back from a series of defeats.
general 通常, 大体上说
运动促进大脑的功能，因此，通常情况下，经常参加体育锻炼的学生学习成绩好。
Exercise stimulates the brain, so in general, students who take regular exercise achieve better results in their studies.
4. 多达(百分之八十)······, 上至······up to (80 percent) … (L. 15)
这位影星受到她的国家里每个人的喜欢,上至总统,下到扫地的男孩。
This film star finds favor with everyone in her country, up to the president and down to the boy who sweeps the floor.
5.吸收，理解to take in
她聚精会神地听讲,听懂了他说的每个字并不时地问问题。
She listened attentively, taking in every word he said and asking questions from time to time.
6.而且;此外plus
爱国主义教育可以使青少年更好地了解民族的昨天。此外,它还有助于青少年更加珍惜今天的生活。
Patriotic education enables teenagers to know better about the nation’s yesterday. Plus, it helps them hold today’s life dearer.
7.导致result in
工作时心不在焉可能导致严重的事故。
Absent-mindedness in performing one’s duty may result in serious accidents.
8.随汗液流失/埋头工作／沉思／不胜惊奇
to be lost in sweat / one’s work / thought/ amazement (L. 30)
我们大家都被眼前的美景所吸引。
We were all lost in admiration of the beauty before our eyes.
9.与······ 相联系to be associated with (L. 31)
现在人们往往把爱情与物质财富联系起来。
Nowadays people tend to associate love with material wealth.
10.气喘吁吁/过时了/与······格格不入to be out of breath/ date/ tune with (L. 38)
在一些人眼里，艰苦朴素的精神已经与我们的时代格格不入了。
In the eyes of some people, the spirit of hard work and plain living has been out of tune with our times.
11.耗尽，用完to go to zero (L. 42)
面对我们的强大攻势，敌人的士气丧失殆尽。
In the face of our strong offensive, the spirit of the enemy went to zero.
12.解决问题to undo the problem (L. 53)
解决水土流失问题的最好办法是退耕还林。
The best way to undo the problem of soil erosion is to reforest the cultivated land.

Vocabulary exercises (PP. 38-9)

Post-reading: discussion: .
1 What do you think the effects of exercise are?
Just as every coin has two sides, exercise can also bring us harm as well as benefits. If you are normally inactive and then, prompted by a sudden impulse, start a big program of intense exercise, there are more chances that you have yourself injured. In addition, as for those who go on a fat-reducing diet, the more exercise they take, the greater loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health conditions will get. And worst of all, continual as well as excessive exercise is more likely to result in sudden death. Thus, how to go in for exercise is something worth more of our concern.
2. What advice can you give on physical exercise?
Here are the insights gleaned from my own experience in physical exercise: 1) Before you take any physical exercise, you must have a clear idea about what kind of exercise is good for your health as well as suitable to your own physical conditions. 2) Once you start your program of exercise, both progressiveness and regularity become two key ingredients in your smooth implementation of the program. 3) With the amount of your exercise on a gradual increase, you should add more iron-rich foods to your daily diet.

Writing: Effects of Sth. On Sb. / Sth. Else（分析建议类）
1. Reference pattern
.分析某事物的正面效应+分析某事物的负面效应+给出怎样对待该事物的建议
1) As is known to all, sth. does bring a lot of benefits to sb. / sth. else. 2) First, it can greatly strengthen …, thereby changing …for the better.(正面分析I) 3) Besides, it can make /render sb. / sth. else better able to… (正面分析II) 4) And best of all, it can help sb.…(正面分析III)
5）But all the above does not mean / follow that we can turn a blind eye to the negative effects sth. brings about. 6） If…, as a succession of scientific studies reveals / implies / suggests, there are more chances that… (负面分析I) 7) In addition, the more ..., the worse... (负面分析II) 8) And worst of all, … (负面分析III)
9) Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of sth. 10) On the one hand, …(建议I) 11) On the other, ... (建议II) 12) In sum, sth. can do sb. / sth. else good or harm, all depending on … (结论句)

2. Title for practice: The Effects of Exercise on Our Health
1) 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。
2) 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。
3) 给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。

Unit 2 Section B
Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?

Teaching Objectives:
Ss should be able to :
1) grasp the reading skill
2) grasp the main idea of the text
2) grasp the language points

Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts & Opinions
Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation..
Opinions are statements of belief, judgment or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Solid opinions, of course, are based on facts. However, opinions are still somebody’s view of something and are not facts themselves.

Do exercise XV on Page 54 to practice distinguishing facts and opinions.

Global Reading:
1. structure: general statement + examples
2. Main idea: physical exercise has positive effect on mental functioning
evidences
1) rats study
2) human study (older adults and children)

Detailed study:
Refer to Exercise XII and XVIII.