讲解

>猫头鹰的引言【隐形模板】：起段三句话

1. 把答题的立场作为主题。第一句申论主题。

2. 把主题范围缩小为焦点。第二句集中焦点。

3. 把焦点分两个支点招牌。第三句话分两头。（一头到中体承段，一头到中体转段）

>猫头鹰论【绿色经济】：Environment vs. Economy （真题No。01）

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should focus more on environmental problems and less on economic development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

如何打造开头三句话？其实引言并没有固定的写法。除非是抄袭，佛则不可能出现同样的句子。就算是同一个人写的，也不至于每次都一样。再说，答题的立场不同，主题也就不同。即使主题类似而焦点不同，结果还是千变万化。即使焦点类似，跟着来的论证内容也是因人而异。写作好玩，这是部分原因。

>不推荐鹦鹉写法：因为好像许多烤鸭一样的模仿，所以毫不新鲜引人。不是不可以，不过与高分绝缘。

猜得到鹦鹉也许这么写引言：（网友请不要笑也请不要学鹦鹉叫。鹦鹉写作虽然照样可以过关留学，只是成绩并不理想。）

缺点  （没有立场）：1. Nowadays, there is a heated debate on opposing views between environmental protection and economic development.

缺点  （没有焦点）：2. Some people argue that the government should focus more on environmental problems, while others think to the contrary.

缺点（没有招牌）：3. Before giving my own opinion, these two perspectives will be analyzed in detail as follows.

>夜猫子批评鹦鹉这三点：

1. 主题--你为什么不提出立场回答问题呢？没有立场也就没有主题。建议你最好直截了当的申论主题，少卖关子。

2. 焦点--你看，没有主题的结果是读者（考官）不可能知道你答题的立场，等于还没有回答问题。再说，缺少主题的焦点也等于扩大话题，只怕以后难以自圆其说。

3. 招牌--动手之前，先要立即想一想心图大纲【起承转合】。告诉自己也告诉读者：你在中体段落要证明什么？所以在引言起段中肯定需要从焦点里预表两个招牌（topic sentence），一个招牌引出承段的论证，一个则引出转段的论证。真担心你可能会中途忘路之远近，糊里糊涂地迷失跑题。

鹦鹉请别生气，告诉你结论合段最好后应起段的前呼。所谓起中有合，合中有起。你在引言起段说废话，难道结尾合段仍然说废话？

>鹦鹉听了很不高兴，反问猫头鹰说：夜猫子，大色盲，破嗓子，居然自作聪明。有本事就立刻举出更好的三个例子，那我鹦鹉才会服了你，自认倒霉学你做夜猫子，并却答应你练习以下60道练习题，做不完就晚上不睡觉，改白天才睡。

>猫头鹰例子A：

申论主题：1. The government ought to give priority to ensuring a green economy that matters to everybody.

集中焦点：2. Economic development without such considerations as pollution can cause serious environmental damage, in turn impairing the quality of life of present and future generations.

话分两头：3. Although this issue should involve everyone, it is up to the government to strike a balance between the demands of the economic progress and the need for protection of the environment.

>猫头鹰例子B:

申论主题：1. Mainly due to the phenomenon of global warming, governments across the world have been looking for solutions to reduce pollution that causes what is known as the "greenhouse effect."

集中焦点：2. Inevitably, the environment-economy debate has its focus on vehicular pollution linking in particular to an increasing use of private cars.

话分两头：3. The government is obliged to answer a question like this:  How to persuade people to drive less--an environmental necessity--while also encouraging them to revive the staggering economy by buying new cars in order to create more jobs? 

>猫头鹰例子C:  

申论主题：1. The government should place emphasis on the green policy and not to allow such environmental problems as pollution to deteriorate, while encouraging eco-friendly economic activities.

集中焦点：2. Air pollution, in particular from the use of private cars, greatly contributes to the "greenhouse effect," known to be the main cause of climate change.

话分两头：3. Protecting the environment is of course everybody's business; however, it depends on the government to promote the economic progress without compromising the public well-being, now and in the future..