听记+口述=综合口语题目的成败关键（4）
Reading Time: 45 Seconds
Mental Set A mental set is a habit to try to solve problems in a certain way, whether that approach is the most suitable or not. Typically, someone with a mental set has found that a given approach has worked in the past and she or he tends to employ it without reflection in all future cases; however, the approach may not be the most effective way to deal with the current situation. Some researchers describe the problem as an exaggerated type of habit formation. |
Narrator: Now hear a talk on the same subject.
Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how the professor’s example of the mental set relates to the reading passage. Preparation Time: 30 Seconds Response Time: 60 Seconds |
解题思路
1. 45 秒阅读短文
阅读材料是一段大约75~100词左右的学术文章，开头部分通常会阐述某个学术概念，用于交代背景及为之后的听力内容做铺垫。听力的内容则是教授用具体的例子解释说明文章中的学术概念。阅读文章的内容理论性较强，且抽象、不易理解，考生无需理解文章说的是什么，只需在45秒的阅读时间内做两件事：1)抄标题；2)抄定义。如本题，只需记录如下内容：
Mental Set（标题） a habit to try to solve problems in a certain way, whether that approach is the most suitable or not（定义，在第一句找） |
将所抄内容带入下面的模板，对阅读文章的复述就完成了：
The reading is about an academic concept called mental set which refers to people’s habit to solve problems in a certain way regardless whether or not the approach is suitable.
接下来将阅读和听力内容流畅衔接：
And the professor explains this concept by giving an example /examples in the lecture.
如果在45 秒内无法找到标题的定义或者没来得及摘抄下来，口述的时候可以这样说：
The reading is about an academic concept called mental set, and the professor explains this concept by giving an example / examples in the lecture.
2. 听讲座，记录例子的主要内容
教授总是会在讲座的开头重新解释一下标题的定义，这部分内容较抽象，建议不做记录。直到教授说到具体例子时再认真听并做好笔记。本题讲座内容如下（黑体部分为听记重点）：
[Lecture]
This week then, we’ll be talking about mental sets. Let me emphasize something: a mental set does not necessarily mean you’re mentally ill. But it usually does mean you’re not nearly as efficient as you might want to be. Let me give you an example.（这句话之前的内容都不用理会）
A few years ago when I was still in grad school I had a roommate named Peter. He insisted he could only write his papers on a typewriter. Maybe he was afraid of technology. But, as you may have heard, a typewriter is slow and inconvenient. Once you make a mistake, you have to pause, use correction fluid and wait for it to dry. Or, if it’s late at night and you run out of fluid, you have to type the whole page again.
Both myself and his professors told Peter: use a computer! It’s faster, and it’s easier. It’ll save his time and it’s easy to operate. But until the day he finished school, he never gave up that typewriter. Maybe he still uses it. And why? Because of some fixed idea, a mental set, that there’s only the one way he can do the task.
在听录音的过程中，可记下如下笔记：
prf’s rmt (roommate) Peter →tp wtr →assign~ ×cvnt (convenient) & slw if msk (mistake), again prf →Peter →cmpt, but still tp wtr ∵mental set |
4. 30秒准备
利用30秒的准备时间，可以整理笔记，也可练习口述笔记内容。你也许说不完，但可为随后的60秒答题做好准备。
5. 60秒答题
可将本题笔记进行如下展开：
Reading (Topic) | l mental set The reading passage is about mental sets. |
Listening (Example) | l prf’s rmt (roommate) Peter →tp wtr (typewriter) →assign~ The professor’s roommate Peter used a typewriter to do his assignments. l × cvnt (convenient) & slw The typewriter is not very convenient and is slow. l if msk (mistake), again Once you make a mistake, you have to type everything again. l prf →Peter →cmp, but still tp wtr ∵mental set The professor suggested Peter use a computer, but Peter still used a typewriter due to a mental set. |
注意，在引出具体例子时，可说The professor says that…，有时也可用According to the lecture, … 或Suppose…作开头语。
《常远新托福口语真经——年度最新预测真题》（含MP3光盘一张）
作者：常远
出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
责任编辑：许圆圆
版次：2013年5月1版1次印刷
定价：49.00
开本：16K
注：本文内容节选于《常远新托福口语真经——年度最新预测真题》一书。本书由外语教学与研究出版社出版，沪江英语授权转载部分内容。
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