Ⅲ.课文篇
Companies are like clocks. Everyone has their own job to do and for the company to operate smoothly, people must know their jobs well and be able to perform adequately.
公司有如时钟。每个人都有他们自己要做的工作。而且，公司要平稳地运转，人们就必须充分地了解自己的工作并且能够出色地履行职责。
To ensure that people know exactly what is required of them, most companies have detailed job descriptions for every single job. A good job description should describe exactly what the person should do (and should not do) and set standards so that performance can be measured.
为了确保人们确切知道他们要求做什么，大多数公司对每一份工作都有详细的职位描述。一份好的职位描述应该准确地描述该职位的人应该做什么（以及不应该做什么），并且制订标准以便衡量（职工的）表现。
For every position in a company, there should be a complete job description. It is not necessary for every person to have one, but every role or separate job must be well documented.
公司的每一个位置都应该有一份完整的职位描述。虽无需人手一份，但每一个角色或每一个个体的工作都必须在文件中写清楚。
What types of things should be included in a job description? Here is a short list of some of the things that will make a job or position description more effective:
职位描述应该包括什么类型的东西？以下是一个简短的清单，列出了使一份工作或职位描述更为有效的一些东西。
. job title and location
. upward and downward reporting relationships (i.e. your staff and your boss)
. the specific duties and responsibilities of the role including the percentage of time spent on each main task
. the qualifications and prior experience that are necessary or desirable for the role
* 职位头衔和地点
* 报告的上下级关系（比如你的下属与上司）
* 该角色具体的任务与职责，包括花费在每一项主要工作上的时间比率
* 该角色必须的或者要求的资格以及以往的经验
Once you have written your job description, don't just put it away in your desk drawer. Take it out and read it every three months. Make changes if you think the role has changed or if the company has developed in a different direction.
一旦写好了你的职位描述，不要只是把它放进抽屉里。每三个月拿出来，读一读。如果你认为该角色发生了变动或者公司的发展方向有了变化，应做出改动。
Lastly, the job description should contain a general statement that summarizes the purpose of the role. This can be broad or specific, but should tell the reader clearly why the role exists and how the job fits in with the rest of the company.
最后，职位描述应该包括一个综述，概括该角色的目的。综述可以广泛，也可以具体，但是应该让读者明白该角色为什么存在，以及该职位如何与公司的其它部分相协调。
More importantly, use the job description to judge whether you are currently achieving what the role requires.
更重要的是用职位描述来判断当前你是否达到了该角色的要求。
