Preamble
序言
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
鉴于对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认, 乃是世界自由、正义及和平的基础,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
鉴于对人权的忽视及侮蔑已发展为野蛮暴行, 这些暴行玷污了人类的良心, 而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免於恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临, 已被宣布为普通人民的最高愿望,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
鉴于为使人类不致迫不得已铤而走险, 对暴政和压迫进行反抗, 有必要使人权受法治的保护,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
鉴于有必要促进各国间友好关系的发展,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
鉴于联合国国家的人民已在联合国宪章中重申他们对基本人权、人格尊严和价值以及男女平等权利的信心, 并决心促成较大自由中的社会进步和生活水平的改善,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
鉴于各会员国都已誓愿同联合国合作, 以促进对人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
鉴于对这些权利和自由的普遍了解, 对於这个誓愿的充分实现, 有很大的重要性,
Now, therefore, The General Assembly,
因此，现在，大会
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
这一世界人权宣言, 作为所有人民和所有国家努力实现的共同标准, 以期每一个人和社会机构经常铭念本宣言, 努力通过教诲和教育, 促进对权利和自由的尊重, 并通过国家的和国际的渐进措施, 使这些权利和自由在各会员国本身人民及在其管辖下领土的人民中, 得到普遍和有效的承认和遵行。
Article 1
第一条
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
人人生而自由, 在尊严及权利上一律平等。他们赋有理性和良心, 并应以兄弟关系的精神相对待。
Article 2
第二条
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
人人有资格享受本宣言所载的一切权利与自由, 不分种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份等任何区别。 并且不得因一人所属的国家或领土的政治的、行政的或者国际的地位之不同而有所区别, 无论该领土是独立、托管领土、非自治领土或者处於其他任何主权受限的情况下。
Article 3
第三条
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
人人有权享受生命、自由与人身安全。
Article 4
第四条
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
任何人不得使为奴隶或奴役; 一怍形式的奴隶制度和奴隶现实, 均应予以禁止。
Article 5
第五条
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
任何人不得加以酷刑, 或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。
Article 6
第六条
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
人人于任何地方有权被承认在法律前的人格。
Article 7
第七条
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
法律之前人人平等, 并有权享受法律的平等保护, 不受任何歧视。人人有权享受平等保护, 以免受违反本宣言的任何歧视行为以及煽动这种歧视行为之害。
Article 8
第八条
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
任何人当宪法或法律所赋予他的基本权利遭受侵害时, 有权由合格的国家法庭对这种侵害行作有效的补救。
Article 9
第九条
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
任何人不得加以任何逮捕、拘禁或放逐。
Article 10
第十条
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
人人完全平等地有权由一个独立而无偏倚的法庭进行公正的和公开的审讯, 以确定他的权利和义, 并判定对他提出的任何刑事指控。
Article 11
第十一条
1.Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(一)凡受刑事控告者, 在未经获得辩护上所需的一切保证的公开审判而依法证实有罪以前, 有权被视为无罪。
2.No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
(二)任何人的任何行为或不行为, 在其发生时依国家法或国际法均不构成刑事罪者, 不得被判为犯有刑事罪。刑罚不得重於犯罪时适用的法律规定。
Article 12
第十二条
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
任何人的私生活、家庭、住宅或通讯不得任意干涉, 他的荣誉和名誉不得加以攻击。人人有权享受法律保护, 以免受这种干涉或攻击。
Article 13
第十三条
1.Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
(一)人人在各国境内有权自由迁徒及居住。
2.Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
(二)人人有权离开任何国家, 包括其本国在内, 并有权返回他的国家。
Article 14
第十四条
1.Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(一)人人有权在其他国家寻求和享受庇护以避免迫害。
2.This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
(二)在真正由於非政治性的罪行或违背联合国的宗旨和原则的行为而被起的情况, 不得援用此权利。
Article 15
第十五条
1.Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(一)人人有权享有国籍。
2.No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
(二)任何人的国籍不得任意剥夺, 亦不得否认其改变国籍的权利。
Article 16
第十六条
1.Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(一)成年男女, 不受种族、国籍或宗教的任何限制, 有权婚嫁和成立家庭。他们在婚姻方面, 在结婚期间和在解除婚约时, 应有平等的权利。
2.Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(二)祗有经男女双方的自由的和完全的同意, 才能结婚。
3.The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
(三)家庭是天然的和基本的社会单元, 并应受社会和国家的保护。
Article 17
第十七条
1.Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(一)人人得有单独的财产所有权以及同他人合有的所有权。
2.No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
(二)任何人的财产不得任意剥夺。
Article 18
第十八条
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
人人有思想、良心与宗教自由的权利; 此项权利包括改变他的宗教或信仰的自由, 以及其单独或团体、公开或秘密地教义、实践、礼拜及戒律表示他的宗教或信仰的自由。
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