中口翻译模拟训练专题

英译汉当中，在理解上和完成上难度较大的就是长句。写了几行，还是一句话，紧扣一个要点：断句。断句的基础是什么？是对每一层意思的把握与划分。不要一口吃个胖子，一句话想把一个长句说清，这样做的后果很严重，第一上不来气，第二别扭怪异。下笔之前先从容的理解一下，把长句“肢解”开，然后这个问题就简单了。

翻译段落：
Foundations are tax-free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions. They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes. From a small beginning at the turn of the century, they have become a very important factor in shaping developments in higher education and the arts.

Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines. In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community. Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy-formation groups.

参考译文：
基金会是无须纳税的机构，设立基金会是为个人和非赢利性组织从事从教育、研究和艺术到援助穷人、保护有异国情调的园林和古老宅第等活动提供资助。基金会为富人和大公司提供一种途径，可由他们实际决定怎样去花掉税款，因为基金会靠的是在不设立基金的情况下本应作为税收缴纳给政府的钱。本世纪（20世纪）初，基金会发端时其数量不多，到现在已成为决定高等教育和艺术发展的一个非常重要的因素。

智囊团和大学研究所是非赢利性组织，成立这样的组织是为了给各个学科的专家提供舞台，使他们能摆脱教学和系里的工作，集中时间进行政策抉择方面的研究，而对于学术界大部分成员来说，教学和系里的工作是他们日常工作的一部分。智囊团和大学研究所靠基金会的资助和政府合同获得资金，它们是在政策制订小组里讨论的新思想的主要发源地。

翻译点评：
Foundations are tax-free institutions that are created to give grantsto both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities thatrange from education, research, and the arts to support for the poorand the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions.

劈头就是一个长句，千万不要被吓到，来分析一下它的结构：
-free institutions

give grantsto both individuals and nonprofit organizations

activities thatrange from education, research, and the arts

support for the poorand the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions

每部分用清晰明白的语言表达出来，然后再看如何把四个这样的中文意思，按原句的逻辑语序拼合到一起、类似于排列句子的题目，这样是不是简单了不少？

settings：
原意是布景、背景，这里可以引申翻译成“舞台”。

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