Here are a few more tips about reading productively:

关于阅读成效，这里我再提一些建议：

Use an index card as your bookmark.That way you always have something to write on while you’re reading. Go ahead and stick a few post-its to the back for marking significant passages, too.

用一张索引卡做书签。这样阅读中你总能记下些东西。在卡片的背面贴上一些便签纸，用来标注重要的段落。

Have expectations. Not about quality, but about content. Before you start, ask yourself, “What do I expect to gain from reading this?”

对阅读内容（而非阅读质量）有所预期。读书前问自己，我在书中能获得些什么？

Keep a reading journal. When you finish a book, write down a quick summary of the book, any quotes you highlighted or flagged, and what you learned from it. Or keep a collection of chapter-by-chapter notes — maybe on a blog or wiki. Thursday Bram has some tips on journaling in one of her Lifehack posts.

做读书记录。读完一本书，简要总结书中标出的段落，以及你的一些收获。也可以在读书过程中每一章节都做好笔记，写在博客或者维基上都可以。Thursday Bram曾在她的博客中列出过一些记笔记的方法。

Talk about it. Tell you boss about the new working strategy you just read about. Tell your friends about the interesting history you’re reading. We labor under the misconception that we learn by reading; we don’t. We learn by using what we’ve read.

谈论你读到的内容。跟你的老板谈谈你刚读到的工作策略，向你的朋友复述你读过的有趣的历史故事。我们因为阅读误解而吃尽苦头，我们也在阅读中总结经验教训。我阅读，所以我收获。

Teach it. You don’t have to be a formal teacher to share your knowledge with those around you who might need it. When you can, take the opportunity to present the information you’ve gleaned: set up a seminar at work, organize a workshop at the local library, etc. This may not be for everyone, but let me tell you: nothing will help you make better sense of a topic than teaching it to others.

教给别人。不是说，你要像位老师那样去教会你周围的人他们需要的知识。你需要做的只是有机会的话把你收集到的信息传达给别人。你可以在办公室或者图书馆开个小会讨论一下。也许并非每个人都能做到这点，不过通过教来学确实是个非常有效的方法。

Pay attention to structure. You can often learn as much from the way the author has organized their information as from the text itself.
(Let me give you an example: for several years, I taught anthropology from a textbook that promoted a view of humanity as defined by a group’s relationship with the natural environment. The central part of the book had a chapter on foragers, one on horticulture (small scale farming), one on animal herding, one on agriculture, and finally one on industrialist societies. Then I switched to a textbook that saw political organization as the key element in understanding human behavior. This book devoted its central chapters to the different kinds of political structure: bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states.)

注意文章结构。了解作者串连信息的思路也能帮助你提高阅读成效。在这里我举一例说明。有几年的时间我按照一本教材学习人类学。那本书把人类定义为和自然环境存在一定关联的一种群体。书的中心章节分别讲原始人采集果子、小规模农业、动物饲养、农业，最后降到工业社会。读完这本书，我又读了另外一本以政治组织形式为主线来研究人类行为的书。书中主要介绍了家族群、种族、酋长制、国家等不同的政治构成。

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