李克强2016达沃斯论坛致辞 语言点精析（上）
当前中国经济发展的基本面没有改变，宏观政策也会保持连续性稳定性。我们将继续创新宏观调控方式，加力增效实施积极的财政政策，灵活适度实施稳健的货币政策，把资源更多引向有利于补短板、增后劲、上水平的领域，引向有利于促进转型升级等新经济的领域。现在，中国政府负债率40%左右，中央政府负债率16%左右，在世界主要经济体中是比较低的，实施积极的财政政策有空间；居民储蓄率高，发展多层次资本市场潜力大，完善金融调控手段、优化金融资源配置有很大余地，可以创造条件，运用市场化、法治化方式逐步降低企业杠杆率和融资成本。我们不仅有足够的政策工具保持经济运行在合理区间，而且有充分的能力防范住系统性区域性风险。在调整转型时期，中国经济增长短期难免有波动起伏，但不会出现“硬着陆”，我们能够实现全年经济社会发展主要预期目标。
The fundamentals of the Chinese economy have remained unchanged, and our macro policies will maintain continuity and stability. In the meantime, we will continue to innovate means of macro control, implement the proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and efficiency, and carry out the prudent monetary policy in a flexible and appropriate fashion. We will channel more resources into areas that help strengthen weak links, increase the momentum of development and take development to a higher level, as well as into areas of the new economy that serve to promote economic transformation and upgrading. The current debt ratio for the Chinese government is around 40 percent, and is only around 16 percent for the central government, lower than many other major economies. This has given us space for a proactive fiscal policy. A high savings rate in China means huge potential for the development of multi-tiered capital markets. It also means major leeway for improving financial regulation methods and financial resource allocation. We are in a position to create conditions to gradually lower corporate leverage ratio and financing costs in a market-based and law-based manner. We not only have sufficient policy tools to keep economic performance within the reasonable range. We also have strong ability to prevent systemic or regional risks. In the stage of transition, short-term fluctuations of economic growth are hardly avoidable, but the Chinese economy will not head for a “hard landing”. And we will be able to achieve the main economic and social development targets set for this year.
要点：
1，“加力增效” with greater intensity and efficiency,为了保持句式的灵活性，翻译中的状语可以译为多种形式，比如本例中的with+名词，也可译为副词或转译为形容词，如“准确译出…”=give an accurate translation of…
2，“灵活适度”依旧后置译为in a flexible and appropriate fashion，in也是翻译状语的一把好手~
2,” 积极的财政政策”，”稳健的货币政策”都是翻译必背词汇，这里不多说了，背吧骚年们~
3，channel在政经类文章的翻译中也是很常见的“多用途词“如
①”着力“= channel great effort into, take great pains to, concentrate one's efforts on
②调拨 (钱、资源) ： channel funds to the poor countries
③集中 (精力、情感) ： Most of his energy was channeled into writing.
④传送：Women are likely to be channeled into jobs as teachers or nurses
此外作名词时，它还可做“渠道，途径“讲，因此看到”将…引向“时，channel是个不错的选择哦
4，“居民储蓄率高，发展多层次资本市场潜力大”可按“居民储蓄率高，意味着潜力大”来翻译，领导人讲话中很多都是典型的中式表达，翻译时要找清短句间的内在联系
5，be in the position to do 意为“有能力能够做某事”等于下文的have (strong) ability to和be able to，这些同义替换词都是值得积累的，其反义表达为be in no position to do文学翻译中常用~
综述：本段经济类术语很多，小编只是就翻译表达和政经类常用词进行分析，其他还是需要大家拿起笔记记记~
中国经济发展潜力大、优势足、空间广，前景光明。我们有9亿多劳动力，其中1.7亿多受过高等教育或有专业技能，每年大学毕业生700多万，中职毕业生500多万。科技人员数量世界第一，研发投入世界第二，去年投入的资金1万多亿元。中国是世界第二大经济体、第一制造大国，还是货物贸易和服务贸易大国、吸收外资和对外投资大国。中国也是世界第二大消费市场，中等收入群体数以亿计并日益扩大，农村贫困人口逐年减少，城镇常住人口每年增加上千万。这是一个世界上最具增长潜力的新兴大市场，也是各方人才能够充分发挥智力潜能、投资兴业的大舞台。我们对中国经济，不论是当前还是未来，都持乐观态度。乐观是充满信心的表现，在市场经济条件下，信心引导预期，本身就是巨大的力量。
Looking ahead, the Chinese economy has huge potential, strong advantage, broad space and bright prospect. China has a 900 million strong workforce, among whom 170 million have received higher education or training in professional skills. Every year we produce over seven million college graduates and over five million graduates from secondary vocational schools. We are No.1 in the world in terms of the number of science professionals and No.2 in R&D input, with an input of over RMB 1 trillion made last year. China is the second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing country, a major trading nation in goods and services, and a major destination and source of foreign investment. It is also the world’s second largest consumer market. Its middle-income population is in the hundreds of millions and is still expanding. The number of the rural poor is falling year by year, while that of permanent urban residents is growing by over 10 million each year. All these make China a major emerging market with the biggest growth potential. It makes China a big stage where people from every corner could tap into their intellectual potential and start their business. We are optimistic about the current state and future prospect of the Chinese economy. Optimism is a sign of confidence, and in market economy conditions, confidence guides people’s expectations. This in itself generates powerful strength.
要点：
1，“…潜力大、优势足、空间广，前景光明”译为…has huge potential, strong advantage, broad space and bright prospect,是典型的主谓结构转偏正结构的手法~
2，“其中”，用among/of +关系代词，译为从句，也是很常见的手法，如：
① 中国菜历史悠久，流派众多，主要代表有‘八大菜系’“=With a long history ,Chinese cuisine has a number of different generes, the main of which are “Eight Cusines”.
② 今年保障性安居工程新安排 740 万套，其中棚户区改造 580 万套，增加 110 万套，= This year, our plan includes building an additional 7.4 million units of government-subsidized housing, of which 5.8 million are to be located in rundown urban areas, an increase of 1.1 million over last year.
3，“中国是世界第二大经济体、第一制造大国，还是货物贸易和服务贸易大国、吸收外资和对外投资大国。”译为China is the second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing country, a major trading nation in goods and services, and a major destination and source of foreign investment.为了避免重复用词，译者将“货物贸易和服务贸易大国”进行了合并翻译，将“吸收外资和对外投资大国灵活译为distination 和 source，这些都是以良好的词汇功底为基础的
4，“中等收入群体数以亿计并日益扩大，农村贫困人口逐年减少，城镇常住人口每年增加上千万”和“这是一个世界上最具增长潜力的新兴大市场，也是各方人才能够充分发挥智力潜能、投资兴业的大舞台”具有隐含的因果关系~因此译为It makes…,笔译时译为which makes…也可以
综述：找关系找关系找关系，是应对中式表达的最基本法则
女士们、先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中国经济发展正处于新旧动能接续转换、经济转型升级的关键时期。我们将坚持发展第一要务，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路，在适度扩大总需求的同时，坚定不移推进供给侧结构性改革，抓好去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板，推动发展从过度依赖自然资源转向更多依靠人力人才资源和创新驱动，使中国经济保持中高速增长、迈向中高端水平。
The Chinese economy is at a crucial stage of transition from old to new growth drivers and a stage of economic transformation and upgrading. We will focus on development as the top priority and promote steady progress as we pursue innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. We will ensure that the government’s macro policies are stable, industrial policies are well-targeted, micro policies are flexible, reform policies are solid and social policies meet people’s basic needs. While appropriately expanding aggregate demand, we will steadfastly advance supply-side structural reform, concentrate on cutting overcapacity, reducing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs and strengthening weak links, so that China’s development could be less reliant on natural resources and be more driven by human resources and innovation. This will enable the Chinese economy to maintain medium-high growth rates and move to medium-high development levels.
要点：
1，“处于…时期”=at a (crucial) period/stage of
2, “坚持发展第一要务”即“坚持发展为第一要务”= focus on development as the top priority
这个已然成为一个固定表述了~
3，“实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路”这句乍看不好译，其实他只透露了一个意思即“我们要做好以下工作,保证宏观政策稳定，产业政策准确，微观政策灵活…”用ensure 来译，即We will ensure that the government’s macro policies are stable, industrial policies are well-targeted, micro policies are flexible, reform policies are solid and social policies meet people’s basic needs.“托底”即“满足人民最基本的需求”
4,“抓好”也是政经类出现的高频词，通常用concentrate/focus on来表示，如“狠抓落实”= focus on implementation
5，“推动发展从过度依赖自然资源转向更多依靠人力人才资源和创新驱动，”译为so that China’s development could be less reliant on natural resources and be more driven by human resources and innovation.此处并未将“推动“译出，因为“推动”也是前面措施的结果，用一个so that足以~
综述：注意ensure的用法，它政府工作报告中出现了几十次，是高频词中的战斗机~
我们将以创新引领经济转型升级。创新是发展的第一动力，是供给侧结构性改革的重要内容。我们要深入实施创新驱动发展战略，加快建设创新型国家和世界科技强国，为经济转型升级提供强大支撑。
We will guide economic transformation and upgrading through innovation. Innovation is the primary driver of development and an important part of supply-side structural reform. We need to further implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and step up efforts to build an innovation-driven country and a strong country in science and technology, so as to provide robust support for economic transformation and upgrading.
要点：
1，“供给侧结构性改革“= supply-side structural reform
2，“深入实施“= further implement，注意further的用法,通常是和动词连用~如”进一步/深入推进“=further promote
3，“加快建设创新型国家和世界科技强国，为经济转型升级提供强大支撑“后一句是前一句的目的，用so as to 连接~
加快发展新经济、培育新动能。我们将大力推进科技创新，着力突破重大关键核心技术，推进创新成果转化应用。着力推动大众创业、万众创新，进一步推进“互联网+”行动，广泛运用物联网、大数据、云计算等新一代信息技术，促进不同领域融合发展，催生更多的新产业、新业态、新模式，推出更加符合市场需要的新产品和新服务，打造众创、众包、众扶、众筹平台，汇聚各方力量加速创新进程，培育新的经济增长点。
We will accelerate the development of the new economy and cultivate new growth drivers. We will vigorously advance innovation in science and technology, work for breakthroughs in major, key technologies, and promote the commercialization of innovation results. We will also advocate mass entrepreneurship and innovation, further promote the “Internet+” strategy, extensively apply the new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing. We will promote integrated development of different sectors and facilitate the emergence of more new industries, new forms of business and new business models. It is also necessary to roll out new products and services that better meet the needs of the market and build platforms for mass innovation, crowd sourcing, collective support and crowd funding. This way, we could pool strengths to accelerate innovation and cultivate new areas of economic growth.
要点：
1,“加快“= accelerate/speed up
”培育“= cultivate/nurture
”大力推进“= vigorously advance(本段出现了三个”推进“,译为advance /promote
”着力“=work for +名词（通常用work to do）
2,催生=facilitate
推出=roll out
3,”汇集各方力量“=pool strengths to
综述：本段主要是各种表达的积累，上述表达都是政经类的“常客”，其同义替换也应牢记
加快改造提升传统动能。创新之新，不光是发展新经济，也包括对传统产业改造提升，使其不断焕发新的生机和活力。我们将深入实施《中国制造2025》，推进制造业信息化、智能化改造，围绕满足消费者多样化需求开展个性化定制、柔性化生产，加快生产、管理、营销模式变革，重塑产业链、供应链、价值链，提高中国制造综合竞争力。
We need to transform and upgrade traditional drivers of growth at a faster pace. Innovation is not only about developing the new economy. It is also about transforming and upgrading traditional industries to give them new vitality. We will implement the Made in China 2025 initiative to make manufacturing more IT-based and smarter. We will conduct custom-tailored and flexible production to meet consumers’ diverse needs. We will accelerate changes in models of production, management and marketing and create new industry chains, supply chains and value chains. This will make Chinese manufacturing more competitive.
要点：
1， “围绕满足消费者多样化需求开展个性化定制、柔性化生产，“译为We will conduct custom-tailored and flexible production to meet consumers’ diverse needs，其中custom-tailored意为”个性化的，量身定制的“，这类复合词在文中也多次出现，
2， ”…化“译为-based（本意为”以…为基础的“）， 文中除了本段的IT-based（信息化）,还有market-based,(市场化)和 law-based，rule-based（法制化），此外政府工作报告中有时也用the law-based governance of the country，表示”依法治国“，同时翻译”以…为载体的“也能用，如Internet-based(以互联网为载体的)
