（九）空间碎片
Space debris
空间碎片监测、预警、减缓及防护技术体系逐步完善，标准规范体系不断健全。空间碎片监测预警实现业务化运行，为在轨航天器安全运行提供有力保障；防护设计技术取得突破，开展航天器空间碎片防护工程应用；全面实施“长征”系列运载火箭末级钝化，对废弃航天器采取有效离轨处置措施，切实保护空间环境。
China has improved the monitoring and mitigation of and early warning and protection against space debris. It has also enhanced standards and regulations in this regard. The monitoring of and early warning against space debris have been put into regular operation, ensuring the safe operation of spacecraft in orbit. China has also made breakthroughs in protection design technologies, applying them to the protection projects of spacecraft against space debris. In addition, all Long March carrier rockets have upper stage passivation, and discarded spacecraft are moved out of orbit to protect the space environment.
三、未来五年的主要任务
III. Major Tasks for the Next Five Years
未来五年，中国将加快航天强国建设步伐，持续提升航天工业基础能力，加强关键技术攻关和前沿技术研究，继续实施载人航天、月球探测、北斗卫星导航系统、高分辨率对地观测系统、新一代运载火箭等重大工程，启动实施一批新的重大科技项目和重大工程，基本建成空间基础设施体系，拓展空间应用深度和广度，深入开展空间科学研究，推动空间科学、空间技术、空间应用全面发展。
In the next five years, China plans to expedite the development of its space endeavors by continuing to enhance the basic capacities of its space industry, strengthen research into key and cutting-edge technologies, and implement manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, high-resolution earth observation system, new-generation launch vehicles and other important projects. Furthermore, the country is to launch new key scientific and technological programs and major projects, complete, by and large, its space infrastructure system, expand its space applications in breadth and depth, and further conduct research into space science, promoting the integrated development of space science, technology and applications.
（一）航天运输系统
Space transport system
研制发射无毒无污染中型运载火箭，完善新一代运载火箭型谱，进一步提升可靠性。
We will develop and launch medium-lift launch vehicles which are non-toxic and pollution-free, improve the new-generation launch vehicle family, and enhance their reliability.
开展重型运载火箭关键技术攻关和方案深化论证，突破重型运载火箭总体、大推力液氧煤油发动机、氢氧发动机等关键技术，启动重型运载火箭工程实施。
Endeavors will be made to research key technologies and further study the plans for developing heavy-lift launch vehicles. Breakthroughs are expected in key technologies for the overall system, high-thrust liquid oxygen and kerosene engines, and oxygen and hydrogen engines of such launch vehicles. Thereafter the heavy-lift launch vehicle project will be activated.
开展低成本运载火箭、新型上面级、天地往返可重复使用运输系统等技术研究。
China will conduct research into the technologies for low-cost launch vehicles, new upper stage and the reusable space transportation system between the earth and low-earth orbit.
（二）空间基础设施
Space infrastructure
提升卫星系统水平和基础产品能力，构建形成卫星遥感、卫星通信广播、卫星导航定位三大系统，建设天地一体化信息网络，基本建成空间基础设施体系，形成连续稳定的业务服务能力，促进卫星及应用产业发展。
China is to improve its satellite systems and their basic related items, develop the three major satellite systems of remote-sensing, communications and broadcasting, and navigation and positioning, and build a space-ground integrated information network. In this way, a space infrastructure system capable of providing steady and sustained services will take shape, boosting the satellite and related applications industrial sector.
1、卫星遥感系统。按照一星多用、多星组网、多网协同的发展思路，发展陆地观测、海洋观测、大气观测3个系列，研制发射高分辨率多模式光学观测、L波段差分干涉合成孔径雷达、陆地生态碳监测、大气环境激光探测、海洋盐度探测、新一代海洋水色观测等卫星，逐步形成高、中、低空间分辨率合理配置、多种观测手段优化组合的综合高效全球观测和数据获取能力。统筹建设和完善遥感卫星接收站网、定标与真实性检验场、数据中心、共享网络平台和共性应用支撑平台，形成卫星遥感数据全球接收服务能力。
(1) Satellite remote-sensing system. In accordance with the policy guideline for developing multi-functional satellites, and creating networks of satellites and integrating them, we will focus on three series of satellites for observing the land, ocean and atmosphere, respectively. China is to develop and launch satellites capable of high-resolution multi-mode optical observation, L-band differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar imaging, carbon monitoring of the territorial ecosystem, atmospheric Lidar detection, ocean salinity detection and new-type ocean color observation. We will take steps to build our capabilities of highly efficient, comprehensive global observation and data acquisition with a rational allocation of low-, medium- and high-spatial resolution technologies, and an optimized combination of multiple observation methods. China will make overall construction and improvement on remote-sensing satellite receiving station networks, calibration and validation fields, data centers, data-sharing platforms and common application supporting platforms to provide remote-sensing satellite data receiving services across the world.
2、卫星通信广播系统。面向行业及市场应用，以商业模式为主，保障公益需求，发展固定通信广播、移动通信广播、数据中继卫星，建设由高轨宽带、低轨移动卫星等天基系统和关口站等地基系统组成的天地一体化信息网络，同步建设测控站、信关站、上行站、标校场等地面设施，形成宽带通信、固定通信、电视直播、移动通信、移动多媒体广播业务服务能力，逐步建成覆盖全球、与地面通信网络融合的卫星通信广播系统。
(2) Satellite communications and broadcasting system. This system is oriented toward industrial and market applications, and mainly operates through business models while meeting public welfare needs. China will develop both fixed and mobile communications and broadcasting as well as data relay satellites, build a space-ground integrated information network consisting of space-based systems such as high-earth-orbit broadband satellite systems and low-earth-orbit mobile satellite systems, and ground-based systems such as satellite-access stations. TT&C stations, gateway stations, uplink stations, calibration fields and other satellite ground facilities are to be built synchronously. These efforts are expected to bring about a comprehensive system capable of providing broadband communications, fixed communications, direct-broadcast television, mobile communications and mobile multimedia broadcast services. A global satellite communications and broadcasting system integrated with the ground communications network will be established step by step.
3、卫星导航系统。持续提升北斗二号系统服务性能。继续开展北斗全球系统建设，计划于2018年面向“一带一路”沿线及周边国家提供基本服务；2020年前后，完成35颗卫星发射组网，为全球用户提供服务；持续统筹推进北斗地基、星基增强系统建设，为各类用户提供更高精度、更为可靠的服务。
(3) Satellite navigation system. China is to continuously enhance the service capacities of the Beidou-2. With sustained efforts in building the Beidou global system, we plan to start providing basic services to countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-century Maritime Silk Road in 2018, form a network consisting of 35 satellites for global services by 2020, and provide all clients with more accurate and more reliable services through advancing the ground-based and satellite-based augmentation systems in an integrated way.
