（本文内容摘自北外李长栓老师博客）
北京外国语大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业：英语同声传译 科目名称：英汉互译
（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation that
supports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.
Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remains
a cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic.
One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on the rise. Whether looking through the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see that women still bear the greatest burden.
进步的实例有许许多多，在很大程度上是民间社会组织坚定努力的结果。越来越多的国家已立法支持增进性健康和生育健康，促进男女平等。
尽管如此．需要做的工作还很多。孕妇死亡率仍然高居不下，令人无法接受；能获得计划生育服务的妇女为数太少；暴力侵害妇女行为仍遍及全球，令人蒙羞。冲突期间的性暴力行为尤其普遍。
过去l5年给我们的一条重要经验是：处理更广范围内的歧视和不公，至关重要。性别陈规观念和性别歧视在各文化和族群之中仍普遍存在。早婚和逼婚、性暴力及贩运年轻妇女和女孩的行为盛行不止，在某些地区甚至有增无减，令人不安。不论在贫困之中，还是在灾难之时，妇女都仍然承受最沉重的负担。
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
Both the American economy and the global economy are facing a familiar foe: policy defeatism. Throughout modern economic history, whether in Western Europe in the 1920s. in the United States in the 1930s, or in Japan in the 1990s, every major financial crisis has been followed by premature abandonment - if not reversal - of the stimulus policies that are necessary for sustained recovery. Sadly: the world appears to be repeating this mistake.
The right thing to do right now is for the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank to engage in further monetary stimulus. Having lowered short-term interest rates, they should buy (or in the case of the Fed, resume buying) significant quantities of government securities to help push down long-term interest rates and encourage investment.
As many have observed. we need to rebalance the economy from imports to exports, from private consumption to savings, from tax breaks to infrastructure rebuilding and from the financial sector to everything else. The process of rebalancing will require movement of capital from older industries and activities to newer ones -that is, investment. Moreover, a lot of what was termed "investment" during the boom years was misallocated - wasted - capital. so many productive projects were ignored.
But investment has been held back because of uncertainty over the economy's future prospects. And the ability to attract investors is being limited by the giant burden of private-sector debt, In other words, a financing problem is inhibiting the restructuring of our economy. Alleviating generalized financing problems and low
investor confidence is precisely what monetary stimulus does.
Some claim that monetary easing will impede restructuring. But this makes no sense. For all the talk that monetary austerity promotes the "creative destruction" necessary for the economy to recover. it does not work that way.
美国经济和世界经济都面临着一个熟悉的敌人：政策的失败。纵观现代经济史，上个世纪中，不管是二十年代的西欧，还是三十年代的美国，或是九十年代的日本，每一次主要的金融危机之后，政府都过早放弃了为了使经济持续复苏所必须的刺激政策，甚至是反其道而行之。可悲的是，今天的世界正在重复这个错误。
现在应该做的事情是美联储和欧洲央行采取进一步的货币刺激。通过调低短期利率，他们应该买进（或者在美联储的情况下，继续购买）重大数量的政府债券，以帮助推低长期利率，并鼓励投资。
正如许多人观察到的，我们需要重新平衡经济，从进口到出口，从个人消费到储蓄，从税收减免到基础设施重建，从金融部门到其他一切部门。这个调整的过程需要把资本从传统行业和行为中转到新兴行业—即进行投资。而且，在经济繁荣期我们曾经称之为”投资”的诸多行为中，资本被配置不当…被浪费…导致许多有生产性的项目被忽略。
但是不管怎样，由于现在对未来经济前景的不确定，投资己受到阻碍。而且，私营部门里存在庞大的债务负担也抑制了吸引投资的能力。换句话说，资金问题阻碍了我们调整经济结构。缓解普遍性的资金问题和提高投资者的信心是货币刺激切实要做的事。
有些人说货币的宽松政策会阻碍经济结构重组，但这说不通。还有许多观点认为，货币紧缩会促进“创造性破坏”，从而使经济复苏，实际上这也行不通。
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
这确实是一个典型的美国家庭，说它典型，不是说它拥有的财产（这个家庭显然要比许多其他美国家庭富有），而是说它的价值观。
北京外国语大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业：复语同声传译 科目名称： 英汉互译
（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected, sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They represent Jess than 5 percent of total annual sales of children's books, several publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of adult books. Many print books are also bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card are lost on most 6-year-olds.
成人阅读市场日益数字化，速度之快超过了出版商的预期。而面向8岁以下儿童电子读物的销售却没什么变化。据几家出版商估计，电子读物在儿童书籍年度总销量中的份额不到5%，而某些类别成人书籍的这一比例已超过25%。很多人买实体书也是为了送礼，毕竟6岁大的孩子大多并不喜欢亚马逊礼品卡。
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn. there is hope. Sleep experts say that with a little discipline (well actually, a lot of discipline), most people can reset their circadian clocks. But it's not as simple as forcing yourself to go to bed earlier (you can't make a wide-awake brain sleep). It requires inducing a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone. And sticking it out until your body clock resets itself. And then not resetting it again.
To start, move up your wake-up time by 20 minutes a day. If you regularly rise at 8 a.m., but really want to get moving at 6 a.m., set the alarm for 7:40 on Monday. The next day, set it for 7:20 and so on. Then, after you wake up, don't linger in bed. Hit yourself with light. In theory, you'll gradually get sleepy about 20 minutes earlier each night, and you can facilitate the transition by avoiding extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime.
But recalibrating your inner clock requires more commitment than many people care to give. For some. it's almost impossible. Very early risers and longtime night owls have a hard time ever changing. Night-shift workers also struggle because they don't get the environmental and social cues that help adjust the circadian clock.
想要早起迎接黎明，还是有希望的。睡眠专家指出，经过一点训练（嗯，实际上需要很多训练），大多数人能调整自己的生物钟。但这不止是强迫自己早点上床那么简单（大脑很兴奋的时候，也睡不着）。这种训练需要人为制造时差感，但不必为此穿越时区。坚持训练，直到体内的生物钟调整到位，然后保持新的节律。
首先，每天把起床时间提前20分钟。如果一般在早上8点起床，而你希望提前到6点，星期一就把闹钟定在7点40，星期二定在7点20，依此类推。其次，每天醒来后，不要赖床，要让自己暴露在光线下。从理论上讲，每天晚上你会比前一天提前20分钟感到睡意。为了增强效果，临睡前应该避免电脑、电视等发出的亮光。
但调整生物钟要下定决心，很多人觉得困难，有些人则根本做不到。起得很早的人和长期熬夜的人都很难改变作息规律。夜班工人改变起来也很吃力，因为他们接收不到调整生物钟所需的环境信号和社会信号。
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
进入二十一世纪，人类迎来了第四次工业革命——绿色工业革命。可以说这一次全球减排，就是绿色工业革命的标志。我们希望这一次工业革命中国要成为领导者、创新者和驱动者，和美国和欧盟和日本站在同一起跑线上领导这场革命。今后中国领导人面临两大迫切问题：一是如何实现中国经济转型，即从高碳经济转向低碳经济；二是如何参与全球治理，即从国家治理转向地区治理、全球治理。
The 21st century is receiving the Fourth Industrial Revolution-the Green Revolution, symbolized by this global move to reduce emission. This time, we hope that China can be the innovator, the leader and driver running head-to-head with the U.S., Europe and Japan. To achieve this, China has to accomplish two things transition from a high carbon economy to a low carbon economy; second, participation in global governance. i.e., to shift its focus from national governance to regional and global governance.