1) 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：
The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave.
完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。
He being absent, nothing could be done.
由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。
2) 独立结构有时也可以用"with/ without +名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词"的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：
They sat there silently，(with) their eyes fixedon the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。
With him helping me, I felt lucky.
有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。
容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词
像 interesting 和 interested 一类的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆，一般可作如下区分：
(1)一部分表示"情感；心情"等意义的动词的现在分词有"令人……的；具有……性质的"的意思，常用来说明人或事物的特征或性质。如：
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.
(2)它们的过去分词有"感到……的"的意思，用来指人的感觉或所处的状态，因而它的主语一般不可能是指物的词。如：
He was too excited to fall asleep.
这类容易混淆的分词常见的有：encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled; astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等。
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