状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
【考点聚焦】
原因状语从句
(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I'm leaving? I'm leaving because I'm full.
for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for。如:It's morning now, for the birds are singing.(很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。)
(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,"Since everyone is here, let's start."
(3)下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时;
②在用于强调句型时;
③被not所否定时。
目的状语从句:that、 so that、 in order that
注意:目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。
结果状语从句:that、so that、so…that、 such…that…
注意:so + 形容词/副词 + that从句;such + 名词 + that从句。
方式状语从句:as、as if(though)
I'll do as I am told to.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
比较状语从句:than、 as
条件状语从句:if、unless、so (as) long as、in case、once、a far as、 on condition that
注意if与unless的区别:不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有…unless…,and unless…。
但if…not and if…not却不受此限。
You won't lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)
但可以说…unless you eat less and exercise more.
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