四、构词法记忆法

　　通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法：

1）转化，即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如：
　　picture（n）画——picture（v）描绘
　　water（n）水——water（v）浇水

例题1：He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案：A
解释：
cnduct（v.）引导，管理，为人，传导
cnduct （n.）操守，行为
cnductor（n.）列车员，售票员，指挥者，导体等
例题2：The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.（2004年职称英语卫生类C级）
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案：D
解释：
bear（n.）熊
bear（v.）负担，忍受，带给，具有，挤

2）派生，即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，例如：
　　happy → unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀）

例题1：The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. （2003年职称英语卫生类C级）
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案：D
例题2：Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. （2003年职称英语卫生类C级）
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案：B
man-、manu- = hand
manage（管理）、manual（体力的，手册）、manuscript（手写稿）、manufacture（生产）、manumit（释放）；
例题3：About one million Americans are diagnosed，annually with skin cancer. （2004年职称英语卫生类C级）
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案：A
ann= year
anniversaire（French）、anniversary、annals（编年史）、annuity（年金）

3）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：
　　wood（木）cut（刻）→ woodcut（木刻）
　　pea（豌豆）nuts（坚果）→ peanut（花生）

例题1：In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. （2003年职称英语卫生类C级）
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案：B

五、根义记忆法

　　利用根义代替记忆多义，可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。

　　比如要问immediate（ly)是否已记住，回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段：
a）The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b）She is my immediate neighbor.
c）the immediate cause
　　若没有读懂，那么就请看immediate（ly）根义：中间没有间隔（地）
1）（时间）立刻;
2）（空间）紧挨，通接，紧跟，
3）（关系）直接

例题1：He will leave immediately. （2005职称英语用书）
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. soon
答案：B
例题2：Can you follow the plot？（2003年职称英语卫生类C级）
A. change
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案：C

　　请看下面几句中的“follow”分别都是什么意思？
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

六、容易混淆词的特别记忆

　　（1）有些字可当形容词又可当副词，例如：early；past；half；long；straight；fast；hard；quick；deep；slow； pretty；awful；wrong；right；high；late；hourly；early；weekly；etc.
We had an early breakfast.（形容词）
We went by a fast train.（形容词）
We had breakfast early.（副词）
Don't speak so fast.（副词）

　　（2）有些形容词变为副词，可在字尾加ly，也可以不加，不过在字义上不同。
（A）easy “安适地”；easily “容易地”：
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
（B）clear （ = completely “完全地“；clearly“显然地”）
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
（C）high “高”；highly “很、非”；
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
（D）slow和slowly当副词时同义，但slow比slowly语气强。
I told the driver to go slow（er）.
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
（E）hard“辛苦地“；hardly“几乎不”
He works hard.（= He is a hard worker.）
He hardly does anything nowadays.（= He does very little nowadays.）
（F）just“刚才；仅”；justly“公正地”
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
（G）late“迟”；lately（= recently）“最近地”
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
（H）pretty（= fairly, moderately）“十分，颇”；
prettily（= in a pretty way, attractively）“漂亮地”
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.

　　大家掌握词汇时，切记不要死记硬背哦，要掌握各种方法，理解地去背去记忆。

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